Integrated and portable magnetometer based on nitrogen-vacancy ensembles in diamond
Felix M. Stürner, Andreas Brenneis, Thomas Buck, Julian Kassel, Robert Rölver, Tino Fuchs, Anton Savitsky, Dieter Suter, Jens Grimmel, Stefan Hengesbach, Michae… 展开作者
Felix M. Stürner, Andreas Brenneis, Thomas Buck, Julian Kassel, Robert Rölver, Tino Fuchs, Anton Savitsky, Dieter Suter, Jens Grimmel, Stefan Hengesbach, Michael Förtsch, Kazuo Nakamura, Hitoshi Sumiya, Shinobu Onoda, Junichi Isoya, Fedor Jelezko
Magnetic field sensors that exploit quantum effects have shown that they can outperform classical sensors in terms of sensitivity enabling a range of novel applications in future, such as a brain machine interface. Negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond have emerged as a promising high sensitivity platform for measuring magnetic fields at room temperature. Transferring this technology from laboratory setups into products and applications, the total size of the sensor, the overall power consumption, and the costs need to be reduced and optimized. Here, we demonstrate a fiber-based NV magnetometer featuring a complete integration of all functional components without using any bulky laboratory equipment. This integrated prototype allows portable measurement of magnetic fields with a sensitivity of 344 pT/ SqrtHz.
Silicon vacancy in silicon carbide has drawn much attention for various quantum sensing. However, most of the previous experiments are achieved using confocal scanning systems, which limit its applications in practical applications. In this work, we demonstrate a compact fiber-integrated silicon carbide silicon vacancy-based vector magnetometer at room temperature. First, we effectively couple the silicon vacancy in a tiny silicon carbide slice to an optical fiber tip and realize the readout of the spin signal through the fiber at the same time. We then study the optically detected magnetic re…
Improved constraints on exotic spin-dependent interactions are established at the micrometer scale by a magnetometer with ensembles of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. A thin layer of NV electronic spin ensembles is utilized as the sensor, and a lead sphere is taken as the source of the nucleons. The exotic spin-dependent interactions are explored by detecting the possible effective magnetic fields by the sensor. Stringent bounds on an exotic parity-odd spin- and velocity-dependent interaction are set within the force range from 5 to 500 $μ$m. The upper limit of the corresponding coup…
Single-Spin Nitrogen-Vacancy Hybrid Magnetometer with Enhanced Static Field Sensitivity
University of Calgary（卡尔加里大学）；Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry（马克斯·普朗克生物物理化学研究所）；Sichuan University of Science and Engineering（四川理工学院）；QNeura；VinUniversity（越南大学）；XeedQ GmbH（XeedQ有限公司）
Diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center magnetometry has recently received considerable interest from researchers in the fields of applied physics and sensors. The purpose of this review is to analyze the principle, sensitivity, technical development potential, and application prospect of the diamond NV center magnetometry. This review briefly introduces the physical characteristics of NV centers, summarizes basic principles of the NV center magnetometer, analyzes the theoretical sensitivity, and discusses the impact of technical noise on the NV center magnetometer. Furthermore, the most critical…
We demonstrate electromagnetic induction imaging with an unshielded, portable radio-frequency atomic magnetometer scanning over the target object. This configuration satisfies standard requirements in typical applications, from security screening to medical imaging. The ability to scan the magnetometer over the object relies on the miniaturization of the sensor head and on the active compensation of the ambient magnetic field. Additionally, a procedure is implemented to extract high-quality images from the recorded spatial dependent magnetic resonance. The procedure is shown to be effective in…
We report a new method to determine the orientation of individual nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in a bulk diamond and use them to realize a calibration-free vector magnetometer with nanoscale resolution. Optical vortex beam is used for optical excitation and scanning the NV center in a [111]-oriented diamond. The scanning fluorescence patterns of NV center with different orientations are completely different. Thus, the orientation information on each NV center in the lattice can be known directly without any calibration process. Further, we use three differently oriented NV centers to form a m…
Sensing of signals from biological processes, such as action potential propagation in nerves, are essential for clinical diagnosis and basic understanding of physiology. Sensing can be performed electrically by placing sensor probes near or inside a living specimen or dissected tissue using well established electrophysiology techniques. However, these electrical probe techniques have poor spatial resolution and cannot easily access tissue deep within a living subject, in particular within the brain. An alternative approach is to detect the magnetic field induced by the passage of the electrica…
Squeezing for dispersive readout of NV magnetometer
Russian Quantum Center（俄罗斯量子中心）；Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology（莫斯科物理工程技术学院）；P.N.Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Science（俄罗斯科学院列别杰夫物理研究所）；LLC Sensor Spin Technologies（传感器自旋技术有限责任公司）
We study relaxation processes of the spins of dipolar-coupled negatively charged nitrogen vacancy (NV$^-$) centers under transverse electric and magnetic fields. Specifically, we uncover regimes where flip-flop, double-flip processes as well as mixing induced by local electric fields play a significant role in NV-NV cross-relaxation. Our results are relevant for understanding decoherence in many-body spin systems as well as for high sensitivity magneto- and electro-metry with long-lived interacting solid-state spins. As a proof of principle, we present an orientation and microwave-free magneto…
Nitrogen-vacancy quantum defects in diamond offer a promising platform for magnetometry because of their remarkable optical and spin properties. In this Letter, we present a high-sensitivity and wide-bandwidth fiber-based quantum magnetometer for practical applications. By coating the diamond surface with silver reflective film, both the fluorescence collection and excitation efficiency are enhanced. Additionally, tracking pulsed optically detected magnetic resonance spectrum allowed a magnetic field sensitivity of $35$ pT$/\sqrt{\rm{Hz}}$ and a bandwidth of $4.1$ KHz. Finally, this magnetomet…
We describe here the construction and characterization of a high-resolution optical magnetometer to measure the full vector magnetic field on an ultrathin layer near the surface of the device. This solid-state device is based on quantum sensors created by a layer of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers less than 20 nm below the surface of an ultrapure diamond. This ensemble of nanosensors provides a versatile device capable of mapping magnetic fields and surface current densities with a sub-micrometer resolution and high sensitivity, making it suitable for many applications. Here, we show a custom-bu…
We present two fiberized vector magnetic-field sensors, based on nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. The sensors feature sub-nT/$\sqrt{\textrm{Hz}}$ magnetic sensitivity. We use commercially available components to construct sensors with a small sensor size, high photon collection, and minimal sensor-sample distance. Both sensors are located at the end of optical fibres with the sensor-head freely accessible and robust under movement. These features make them ideal for mapping magnetic fields with high sensitivity and spatial resolution ($\leq$\,mm). As a demonstration we use one of the …
We report on the implementation of a scanning nitrogen-vacancy (NV) magnetometer in a dry dilution refrigerator. Using pulsed optically detected magnetic resonance combined with efficient microwave delivery through a co-planar waveguide, we reach a base temperature of 350 mK, limited by experimental heat load and thermalization of the probe. We demonstrate scanning NV magnetometry by imaging superconducting vortices in a 50-nm-thin aluminum microstructure. The sensitivity of our measurements is approximately 3 μT per square root Hz. Our work demonstrates the feasibility for performing non-inva…
Here, we demonstrate a gradiometry technique that significantly enhances the measurement sensitivity of such static fields, leading to new opportunities in the imaging of weakly magnetic systems. Our method relies on the mechanical oscillation of a single nitrogen-vacancy center at the tip of a scanning diamond probe, which up-converts the local spatial gradients into ac magnetic fields enabling the use of sensitive ac quantum protocols. We show that gradiometry provides important advantages over static field imaging: (i) an order-of-magnitude better sensitivity, (ii) a more localized and shar…
Quantum sensing of low-frequency magnetic fields using nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center ensembles has been demonstrated in multiple experiments with sensitivities as low as $\sim$1 pT/$\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$. To date, however, demonstrations of high-frequency magnetometry in the GHz regime with NV diamond are orders of magnitude less sensitive, above the nT/$\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$ level. Here we adapt for microwave frequencies techniques that have enabled high-performance, low-frequency quantum sensors. Using a custom-grown NV-enriched diamond combined with a noise cancellation scheme designed for high-freq…
Dispersive readout with two orthogonal modes of a dielectric cavity
Russian Quantum Center（俄罗斯量子中心）；Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology（莫斯科物理技术学院）；P.N. Lebedev Institute RAS（列别捷夫物理研究所）；LLC Sensor Spin Technologies（传感器自旋技术有限公司）；National Research Nuclear University “MEPhI”（国立研究核子大学“莫斯科工程物理学院”）；LLC Velman（韦尔曼有限公司）；B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics NASB（白俄罗斯国家科学院B.I.斯特潘诺夫物理研究所）
我们提出了一种新型的传感器，它使用含有光学活性氮空位（NV $^-$）中心的金刚石作为激光介质。磁力计可以在室温下工作，产生的光可以很容易地进行光纤耦合，从而可以用于工业应用和遥感。通过将激光泵浦与射频拉比驱动场相结合，外部磁场改变了NV $^-$中心的荧光。我们利用这种荧光水平的变化将激光推到阈值以上，用外部磁场控制的强度打开它，这提供了具有非常高对比度的读出信号的相干放大。这种机制与传统的基于NV $^-$的磁力计有质的不同，后者使用基于非相干光子发射的荧光测量。我们称我们的方法激光阈值磁强计（LTM）。我们预测，体积为1 mm $^3$的NV $^-$型激光阈值磁强计可以实现散粒噪声限制的直流~ 1.86 fT $/\sqrt{\rm{Hz}}$和a.c.~灵敏度为3.97 fT $/\sqrt{\rm{Hz}}$。
Nanoscale electronic transport gives rise to a number of intriguing physical phenomena that are accompanied by distinct spatial patterns of current flow. Here, we report on sensitive magnetic imaging of two-dimensional current distributions in bilayer graphene at room temperature. By combining dynamical modulation of the source-drain current with ac quantum sensing of a nitrogen-vacancy center in a diamond probe, we acquire magnetic field and current density maps with excellent sensitivities of 4.6 nT and 20 nA/$μ$m, respectively. The spatial resolution is 50-100 nm. We further introduce a set…
Demonstration Of A Quantum Magnetometer Chip Based On Proprietary And Scalable 4H-Silicon Carbide Technology
Infineon Technologies Austria AG（英飞凌奥地利股份公司）；Austrian Academy of Sciences（奥地利科学院）；rd Institute of Physics, University of Stuttgart（斯图加特大学第三物理研究所）；Institut für Mikroelektronik Stuttgart (IMS CHIPS)（斯图加特微电子研究所）；Institute of Smart Sensors, University of Stuttgart（斯图加特大学智能传感器研究所）；Infineon AG（英飞凌股份公司）
We present a new magnetometry method integrating an ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in a single-crystal diamond with an extended dynamic range for monitoring the fast changing magnetic-field. The NV-center spin resonance frequency is tracked using a closed-loop frequency locked technique with fast frequency hopping to achieve a 10 kHz measurement bandwidth, thus, allowing for the detection of fast changing magnetic signals up to 0.723 T/s.This technique exhibits an extended dynamic range subjected to the working bandwidth of the microwave source. This extended dynamic range can reach…
Microwave-free vector magnetometry and crystal orientation determination with Nitrogen-Vacancy centers using Bayesian inference
Universidad Carlos III de Madrid（马德里卡洛斯三世大学）；Helmholtz-Institute, GSI Helmholtzzentrum fur Schwerionenforschung（亥姆霍兹研究所，GSI重离子研究中心）；Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz（美因茨约翰内斯古腾堡大学）；Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley（加州大学伯克利分校物理系）
In this work, a burst eddy current testing technique based on the employment of a diamond nitrogen vacancy (NV) center magnetometer with the Hahn echo (HE) sequence is demonstrated. With the confocal experiment apparatus, the HE-based NV magnetometer attained a magnetic sensitivity of $4.3 ~ \mathrm{nT} / \sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$ and a volume-normalized sensitivity of $3.6 ~ \mathrm{pT} / \sqrt{\mathrm{Hz} \cdot \mathrm{mm}^{-3}}$, which are 5 times better than the already existing method under the same conditions. Based on the proposed magnetometer configuration, a burst eddy current (BEC) testing…
A Highly Sensitive Diamond NV Magnetometer Using Ramsey Interferometry with a Short Sensor-to-Sample Distance
Institute of Science Tokyo（东京科学大学）；National Institute for Materials Science（国立材料研究所）；University of Tsukuba（筑波大学）；National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology（国立量子科学技术研究院）；Tohoku University（东北大学）；DENSO CORPORATION（电装株式会社）
