Investigating a conjecture of Zannier, we study irreducible subvarieties of abelian schemes that dominate the base and contain a Zariski dense set of torsion points that lie on pairwise isogenous fibers. If everything is defined over the algebraic numbers and the abelian scheme has maximal variation, we prove that the geometric generic fiber of such a subvariety is a union of torsion cosets. We go on to prove fully or partially explicit versions of this result in fibered powers of the Legendre family of elliptic curves. Finally, we apply a recent result of Galateau-Martínez to obtain uniform bounds on the number of maximal torsion cosets in the Manin-Mumford problem across a given isogeny class. For the proofs, we adapt the strategy, due to Lang, Serre, Tate, and Hindry, of using Galois automorphisms that act on the torsion as homotheties to the family setting.
Given an elliptic curve $E/k$ and a Galois extension $k'/k$, we construct an exact functor from torsion-free modules over the endomorphism ring ${\rm End}(E_{k'})$ with a semilinear ${\rm Gal}(k'/k)$ action to abelian varieties over $k$ that are $k'$-isogenous to a power of $E$. As an application, we show that every elliptic curve with complex multiplication geometrically is isogenous over the ground field to one with complex multiplication by a maximal order.
Two abelian varieties $A_1, A_2$ over a number field $K$ are called strongly iso-Kummerian if the torsion fields $K(A_1[d])$ and $K(A_2[d])$ coincide for all $d \geq 1$. For all $g \geq 4$ we construct geometrically simple, strongly iso-Kummerian $g$-dimensional abelian varieties over number fields that are not geometrically isogenous. We also discuss related examples and put significant constraints on any further iso-Kummerian pair.
Let $E$ be an elliptic curve over a field $k$. Let $R:= \text{End}\, E$. There is a functor $\mathscr{H}\!\!\mathit{om}_R(-,E)$ from the category of finitely presented torsion-free left $R$-modules to the category of abelian varieties isogenous to a power of $E$, and a functor $\text{Hom}(-,E)$ in the opposite direction. We prove necessary and sufficient conditions on $E$ for these functors to be equivalences of categories.
In this paper we give a module-theoretic description of the isomorphism classes of abelian varieties $A$ isogenous to $B^r$, where the characteristic polynomial $g$ of Frobenius of $B$ is an ordinary square-free $q$-Weil polynomial, for a power $q$ of a prime $p$, or a square-free $p$-Weil polynomial with no real roots. Under some extra assumptions on the polynomial $g$ we give an explicit description of all the isomorphism classes which can be computed in terms of fractional ideals of an order in a finite product of number fields. In the ordinary case, we also give a module-theoretic descript…
We prove that the family $\mathcal{I}_{F_0}$ of elliptic curves over number fields that are geometrically isogenous to an elliptic curve with $F_0$-rational $j$-invariant is typically bounded in torsion. Under an additional uniformity assumption, we also prove that the family $\mathcal{I}_{d_0}$ of elliptic curves over number fields that are geometrically isogenous to an elliptic curve with degree $d_0$ $j$-invariant is typically bounded in torsion.
Let Z be a subvariety of the moduli space of principally polarised abelian varieties of dimension g over the complex numbers. Suppose that Z contains a Zariski dense set of points which correspond to abelian varieties from a single isogeny class. A generalisation of a conjecture of André and Pink predicts that Z is a weakly special subvariety. We prove this when dim Z = 1 using the Pila--Zannier method and the Masser--Wüstholz isogeny theorem. This generalises results of Edixhoven and Yafaev when the Hecke orbit consists of CM points and of Pink when it consists of Galois generic points.
If A and B are abelian varieties over a number field K such that there are non-trivial geometric homomorphisms of abelian varieties between reductions of A and B at most primes of K, then there exists a non-trivial (geometric) homomorphism from A to B defined over an algebraic closure of K.
Given a pair of abelian varieties defined over a number field k and isogenous over a finite Galois extension L/k, we define a rational Artin representation of the group Gal(L/k) that shows a global relation between the L-functions of each variety and provides certain information about their decomposition up to isogeny over L. We study several properties of these Artin representations. As an application, for each curve C' in a family of twists of a certain genus 3 curve C, we explicitly compute the Artin representation attached to the Jacobians of C and C' and show how this Artin representation…
We investigate to what extent an abelian variety over a finite field can be lifted to one in characteristic zero with small Mumford-Tate group. We prove that supersingular abelian surfaces, respectively threefolds, can be lifted to ones isogenous to a square, respectively product, of elliptic curves. On the other hand, we show that supersingular abelian threefolds cannot be lifted to one isogenous to the cube of an elliptic curve over the Witt vectors.
In this paper we give conditions under which two abelian varieties that are defined over a finite field $F$, and are isogenous over some larger field, are $F$-isogenous. Further, we give conditions under which a given isogeny is defined over $F$.
Faltings's isogeny theorem states that two abelian varieties are isogenous over a number field precisely when the characteristic polynomials of the reductions at almost all prime ideals of the number field agree. This implies that two abelian varieties over $\mathbb{Q}$ with the same $L$-series are necessarily isogenous, but this is false over a general number field. Let $A$ and $A'$ be two abelian varieties, defined over number fields $K$ and $K'$ respectively. Our main result is that $A$ and $A'$ are isogenous after a suitable isomorphism between $K$ and $K'$ if and only if the Dirichlet cha…
Faltings in 1983 proved that a necessary and sufficient condition for two abelian varieties $A$ and $B$ to be isogenous over a number field $K$ is that the local factors of the L-series of $A$ and $B$ are equal for almost all primes of $K$ ; for each such prime this implies that $A$ and $B$ have the same number of points over the residue field. We show in this article that for abelian varieties faithfully of type GSp (a class containing the abelian varieties with endomorphism ring $\mathbb{Z}$ and of odd dimension) `having the same number of points' may be replaced by `the number of points hav…
We prove that torsion codimension 2 algebraic cycles modulo rational equivalence on supersingular abelian varieties are algebraically equivalent to zero. As a consequence, we prove that homological equivalence coincides with algebraic equivalence for algebraic cycles of codimension 2 on supersingular abelian varieties over the algebraic closure of finite fields.
We give a uniform bound on the degree of the maximal torsion cosets for subvarieties of an abelian variety. The proof combines algebraic interpolation and a theorem of Serre on homotheties in the Galois representation associated to the torsion subgroup of an abelian variety.
There are many equivalent ways to describe the p-torsion of a principally polarized abelian variety in characteristic p. We briefly explain these methods and then illustrate them for abelian varieties A of arbitrary dimension g in several important cases, including when A has p-rank f and a-number 1 and when A has p-rank f and a-number g-f. We provide complete tables for abelian varieties of dimension up to four.
In 1983 Silverman and Tate showed that the set of points in a 1-dimensional family of abelian varieties where a section of infinite order has `small height' is finite. We conjecture a generalisation to higher-dimensional families, where we replace `finite' by `not Zariski dense'. We show that this conjecture would imply the Uniform Boundedness Conjecture for torsion points on abelian varieties. We then prove a few special cases of this new conjecture.
We consider the distribution of p-power group schemes among the torsion of abelian varieties over finite fields of characteristic p, as follows. Fix natural numbers g and n, and let $ξ$ be a non-supersingular principally quasipolarized Barsotti-Tate group of level n. We classify the F_q-rational forms $ξ^α$ of $ξ$. Among all principally polarized abelian varieties X/F_q of dimension g with p^n-torsion geometrically isomorphic to ξ, we compute the frequency with which X[p^n] is isomorphic to $ξ^α$. The error in our estimate is bounded by $D/\sqrt{q}$ where D depends on g, n and p, but not on $ξ…
We show that any polarized abelian variety over a finite field is covered by a Jacobian whose dimension is bounded by an explicit constant. We do this by first proving an effective version of Poonen's Bertini theorem over finite fields, which allows us to show the existence of smooth curves arising as hypersurface sections of bounded degree and genus. Additionally, we show that for simple abelian varieties a better bound is possible. As an application of these results we show that if $E$ is an elliptic curve over a finite field then for any $n\in \mathbb{N}$ there exist smooth curves of bounde…
In this note we show that any basic abelian variety with additional structures over an arbitrary algebraically closed field of characteristic $p>0$ is isogenous to another one defined over a finite field. We also show that the category of abelian varieties over finite fields up to isogeny can be embedded into the category of basic abelian varieties with suitable endomorphism structures. Using this connection, we derive a new mass formula for a finite orbit of polarized abelian surfaces over a finite field.
In this paper, we associate canonically to every imaginary quadratic field $K=\Bbb Q(\sqrt{-D})$ one or two isogenous classes of CM abelian varieties over $K$, depending on whether $D$ is odd or even ($D \ne 4$). These abelian varieties are characterized as of smallest dimension and smallest conductor, and such that the abelian varieties themselves descend to $\Bbb Q$. When $D$ is odd or divisible by 8, they are the `canonical' ones first studied by Gross and Rohrlich. We prove that these abelian varieties have the striking property that the vanishing order of their $L$-function at the center …
An abelian variety defined over an algebraically closed field k of positive characteristic is supersingular if it is isogenous to a product of supersingular elliptic curves and is superspecial if it is isomorphic to a product of supersingular elliptic curves. In this paper, the superspecial condition is generalized by defining the superspecial rank of an abelian variety, which is an invariant of its p-torsion. The main results in this paper are about the superspecial rank of supersingular abelian varieties and Jacobians of curves. For example, it turns out that the superspecial rank determines…
We prove a finiteness theorem for the first flat cohomology group of finite flat group schemes over integral normal proper varieties over finite fields. As a consequence, we can prove the invariance of the finiteness of the Tate-Shafarevich group of Abelian schemes over higher dimensional bases under isogenies and alterations over/of such bases for the $p$-part. Along the way, we generalize previous results on the Tate-Shafarevich group in this situation.
We formulate and study a torsion analogue of the weight-monodromy conjecture for a proper smooth scheme over a non-archimedean local field. We prove it for proper smooth schemes over equal characteristic non-archimedean local fields, abelian varieties, surfaces, varieties uniformized by Drinfeld upper half spaces, and set-theoretic complete intersections in toric varieties. In the equal characteristic case, our methods rely on an ultraproduct variant of Weil II established by Cadoret.
Let $\mathcal{O}_K$ be a discrete valuation ring with fraction field $K$ of characteristic $0$ and algebraically closed residue field $k$ of characteristic $p > 0$. Let $A/K$ be an abelian variety of dimension $g$ with a $K$-rational point of order $p$. In this article, we are interested in the reduction properties that $A/K$ can have. After discussing the general case, we specialize to $g=1$, and we study the possible Kodaira types that can occur.
In this paper we prove the Geyer-Jarden conjecture on the torsion part of the Mordell-Weil group for a large class of abelian varieties defined over finitely generated fields of arbitrary characteristic. The class consists of all abelian varieties with big monodromy, i.e., such that the image of Galois representation on l-torsion points, for almost all primes l, contains the full symplectic group.
Let $A$ be an abelian variety defined over a number field $K$. The number of torsion points that are rational over a finite extension $L$ is bounded polynomially in terms of the degree $[L:K]$ of $L$ over $K$. Under the following three conditions, we compute the optimal exponent for this bound, in terms of the dimension of abelian subvarieties and their endomorphism rings. The three hypothesis are the following: $(1)$ $A$ is geometrically isogenous to a product of simple abelian varieties of type I, II or III, according to the Albert classification; $(2)$ $A$ is of "Lefschetz type", that is, t…
The geometric torsion conjecture asserts that the torsion part of the Mordell--Weil group of a family of abelian varieties over a complex quasiprojective curve is uniformly bounded in terms of the genus of the curve. We prove the conjecture for abelian varieties with real multiplication, uniformly in the field of multiplication. Fixing the field, we furthermore show that the torsion is bounded in terms of the $\mathit{gonality}$ of the base curve, which is the closer analog of the arithmetic conjecture. The proof is a hybrid technique employing both the hyperbolic and algebraic geometry of the…
Let $A$ be an abelian variety defined over a number field $K$, the number of torsion points rational over a finite extension $L$ is bounded polynomially in terms of the degree $[L:K]$. When $A$ is isogenous to a product of simple abelian varieties of $\GSp$ type, i.e. whose Mumford-Tate group is "generic" (isomorphic to the group of symplectic similitudes) and which satisfy the Mumford-Tate conjecture, we compute the optimal exponent for this bound in terms of the dimensions of the abelian subvarieties of $A$. The result is unconditional for a product of simple abelian varieties with endomorph…
In this paper, we study a conjecture of Rasmussen and Tamagawa, on the finiteness of the set of isomorphism classes of abelian varieties with constrained prime power torsion. Our result is related with abelian varieties which have complex multiplication over their fields of definition.
This note discusses some examples showing that the crystalline cohomology of even very mildly singular projective varieties tends to be quite large. In particular, any singular projective variety with at worst ordinary double points has infinitely generated crystalline cohomology in at least two cohomological degrees. These calculations rely critically on comparisons between crystalline and derived de Rham cohomology.
Let $p$ be a prime, let $K$ be a discretely valued extension of $\mathbb{Q}_p$, and let $A_{K}$ be an abelian $K$-variety with semistable reduction. Extending work by Kim and Marshall from the case where $p>2$ and $K/\mathbb{Q}_p$ is unramified, we prove an $l=p$ complement of a Galois cohomological formula of Grothendieck for the $l$-primary part of the Néron component group of $A_{K}$. Our proof involves constructing, for each $m\in \mathbb{Z}_{\geq 0}$, a finite flat $\mathscr{O}_K$-group scheme with generic fiber equal to the maximal 1-crystalline submodule of $A_{K}[p^{m}]$. As a corollar…
We give a function F(d,n,p) such that if K/Q_p is a degree n field extension and A/K is a d-dimensional abelian variety with potentially good reduction, then #A(K)[tors] is at most F(d,n,p). Separate attention is given to the prime-to-p torsion and to the case of purely additive reduction. These latter bounds are applied to classify rational torsion on CM elliptic curves over number fields of degree at most 3, on elliptic curves over Q with integral j (recovering a theorem of Frey), and on abelian surfaces over Q with integral moduli. In the last case, our efforts leave us with 11 numbers whic…
If A is an abelian variety over a number field K, and L is a (possibly infinite) extension of K generated by torsion points of A, then the quotient of A(L) by its torsion subgroup is a free abelian group.
Let $A$ be an abelian variety over $\mathbb{F}_q$. Let $h_A(t)$ be the characteristic polynomial of $A$. Rybakov showed that if $h_A(t)$ is squarefree and $G$ is any finite group with $|G| = h_A(1)$, then $G = A'(\mathbb{F}_q)$ for some $A'$ isogenous to $A$ if and only if the $\ell^{th}$ Hodge polygon of $G$ is under the $\ell^{th}$ Newton polygon of $h_A(1-t)$ for all primes $\ell$. In this paper, we will extend this result to get a classification theorem for the group structure of all abelian varieties.
A particular case of Bergeron-Venkatesh's conjecture predicts that torsion classes in the cohomology of Shimura varieties are rather rare. According to this and for Kottwitz-Harris-Taylor type of Shimura varieties, we first associate to each such torsion class an infinity of irreducible automorphic representations in characteristic zero, which are pairwise non isomorphic and weakly congruent. Then, using completed cohomology, we construct torsion classes in regular weight and then deduce explicit examples of such automorphic congruences.
Let l be a prime. We show that there do not exist any non-zero semi-stable abelian varieties over Q with good reduction outside l if and only if l=2, 3, 5, 7 or 13. We show that any semi-stable abelian variety over Q with good reduction outside l=11 is isogenous to a power of the Jacobian variety of the modular curve X_0(11). In addition we show that there do not exist any non-zero abelian varieties over Q with good reduction outside l acquiring semi-stable reduction at l over a tamely ramified extension if and only if l \le 5.
We show that, for an abelian variety defined over a $p$-adic field $K$ which has potential good reduction, its torsion subgroup with values in the composite field of $K$ and a certain Lubin-Tate extension over a $p$-adic field is finite.
We give a new general technique for constructing and counting number fields with an ideal class group of nontrivial m-rank. Our results can be viewed as providing a way of specializing the Picard group of a variety V over $\mathbb{Q}$ to obtain class groups for number fields $\mathbb{Q}(P)$, $P\in V(\Qbar)$, for certain families of points P. In particular, we show how the problem of constructing quadratic number fields with a large-rank ideal class group can be reduced to the problem of finding a hyperelliptic curve with a rational Weierstrass point and a large rational torsion subgroup in its…
We introduce a method for producing congruences between Hecke eigenclasses, possibly torsion, in the coherent cohomology of automorphic vector bundles on certain good reduction Shimura varieties. The congruences are produced using some "generalized Hasse invariants" adapted to the Ekedahl-Oort stratification of the special fiber.
Let A,A' be elliptic curves or abelian varieties fully of type GSp defined over a number field K. This includes principally polarized abelian varieties with geometric endomorphism ring Z and dimension 2 or odd. We compare the number of points on the reductions of the two varieties. We prove that A and A' are K-isogenous if the following condition holds for a density-one set of primes p of K: the prime numbers dividing #A(k_p) also divide #A'(k_p). We generalize this statement to some extent for products of such varieties. This refines results of Hall and Perucca (2011) and of Ratazzi (2012).
We study the structure of the Mordell--Weil group of elliptic curves over number fields of degree 2, 3, and 4. We show that if $T$ is a group, then either the class of all elliptic curves over quadratic fields with torsion subgroup $T$ is empty, or it contains curves of rank~0 as well as curves of positive rank. We prove a similar but slightly weaker result for cubic and quartic fields. On the other hand, we find a group $T$ and a quartic field $K$ such that among the elliptic curves over $K$ with torsion subgroup $T$, there are curves of positive rank, but none of rank~0. We find examples of …
We characterize the abelian varieties arising as absolutely simple factors of GL2-type varieties over a number field k. In order to obtain this result, we study a wider class of abelian varieties: the k-varieties A/k satisfying that $\End_k^0(A)$ is a maximal subfield of $\End_k^0(A)$. We call them Ribet-Pyle varieties over k. We see that every Ribet-Pyle variety over k is isogenous over $\bar k$ to a power of an abelian k-variety and, conversely, that every abelian k-variety occurs as the absolutely simple factor of some Ribet-Pyle variety over k. We deduce from this correspondence a precise …
Using properties of the Frobenius eigenvalues, we show that, in a precise sense, ``most'' isomorphism classes of (principally polarized) simple abelian varieties over a finite field are characterized up to isogeny by the sequence of their division fields, and a similar result for ``most'' isogeny classes. Some global cases are also treated.
