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arXiv 2009.09771astro-ph.SR
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演化恒星中SiO脉泽辐射的快速变化

Very fast variations of SiO maser emission in evolved stars

Miguel Gómez-Garrido, Valentín Bujarrabal, Javier Alcolea, Rebeca Soria-Ruiz, Pablo de Vicente, Jean-François Desmurs

摘要:

上下文渐近巨星分支(AGB)上的恒星是长周期变星,几乎在所有波长上都呈现强烈的流量变化,包括SiO脉泽线。这些变化的周期在Mira型恒星中为300 - 500天,在半规则变星中稍短。在短时间尺度上的SiO线的可变性进行了研究,但数据是不确定的。目的。我们的目标是研究短时间尺度下Mira型和半正则变星中SiO脉泽谱线的时间演化。我们还讨论了所观察到的快速变化的起源。方法.我们用40米Yebes天线和30米IRAM望远镜分别观测了7mm(28SiOv = 1,2J = 1 - 0)和3mm(28SiOv = 1J = 2 - 1)的SiO脉泽谱线,最小观测间隔为1天。我们研究了半正则变量RX Boo和RT Vir以及Mira型变量U Her、R LMi、R Leo和$χ$ Cyg。我们对不同时间尺度上的变化进行了详细的统计分析。结果RX Boo显示了7 mm和3 mm处SiO线不同光谱特征强度的强烈和快速变化。在一天的时间尺度上,我们发现25%的情况下变化> 10%。当观察间隔2或3天时,经常发现大于$\sim$ 50%的变化。RT Vir在7 mm处的SiO线也有类似的变化率,但该天体的观测不太完整。相反,Mira型变星的SiO脉泽谱线强度变化不大,典型的7天变化率在10%左右。这种现象可以解释的半正规变量,这将导致一个强烈的依赖性的强度上的密度变化,由于通过冲击的特别小的脉泽发射团块的存在。

英文摘要:

Context. Stars on the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) are long-period variables that present strong flux variations at almost all wavelengths, including the SiO maser lines. The periods of these variations are of 300-500 days in Mira-type stars and somewhat shorter in semi-regular variables. The variability of the SiO lines on short timescales has been investigated, but the data are inconclusive. Aims. We aim to study the time evolution of the SiO maser lines in Mira-type and semi-regular variables at short timescales. We also discuss the origin of the observed fast variations. Methods. We observed the SiO maser lines at 7 mm (28SiO v=1,2 J=1-0) and 3 mm (28SiO v=1 J=2-1) using the 40 m Yebes antenna and the 30 m IRAM telescope, respectively, with a minimum spacing of 1 day. We studied the semi-regular variables RX Boo and RT Vir and the Mira-type variables U Her, R LMi, R Leo, and $χ$ Cyg. We performed a detailed statistical analysis of the variations on different timescales. Results. RX Boo shows strong and fast variations in the intensity of the different spectral features of the SiO lines at 7 mm and 3 mm. On a timescale of one day, we find variations of >10% in 25% of the cases. Variations of greater than $\sim$50% are often found when the observations are separated by 2 or 3 days. A similar variation rate of the SiO lines at 7 mm is found for RT Vir, but the observations of this object are less complete. On the contrary, the variations of the SiO maser line intensity in the Mira-type variables are moderate, with typical variation rates around <10% in 7 days. This phenomenon can be explained by the presence of particularly small maser-emitting clumps in semi-regular variables, which would lead to a strong dependence of the intensity on the density variations due to the passage of shocks.

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