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arXiv 2008.11205astro-ph.GA
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潮汐加热形成的UDG中的过剩球状星团

An Excess of Globular Clusters in UDGs Formed Through Tidal Heating

Timothy Carleton, Yicheng Guo, Ferah Munshi, Michael Tremmel, Anna Wright

摘要:

为了研究超弥散星系(UDG)周围观测到的球状星团丰度升高的起源,我们模拟了由潮汐加热形成的UDG所承载的球状星团种群。具体来说,球状星团(GC)的形成被模拟为发生在致密恒星形成的区域。由于恒星形成率密度在高红移时更高,大质量星系团中的矮星系在高红移时形成了大部分恒星,在球状星团中形成了大部分恒星。考虑到通过环境过程形成的UDG更有可能在高红移时吸积,这些系统比非UDG有更多的GC。特别是,我们的模型预测,大规模的UDG的GC质量是类似恒星质量的非UDG的两倍,与观测大致一致。虽然这种影响在一定程度上被GC破坏所减弱,但我们发现GC质量分数与星团中心距离之间的关系以及GC质量分数与星系半光半径之间的关系与观测结果非常相似。在我们的模型对象中,UDG和非UDG都呈现晕质量和GC质量之间的相关性,尽管UDG在给定的GC质量下具有较低的动力学质量。此外,由于GC中断的有效性,我们预测UDG周围的GC应该比非UDG周围的GC具有更多的头重脚轻的质量函数。这项分析表明,具有较老恒星星族的矮星,如UDG,应该比具有年轻恒星星族的天体,如孤立的矮星,具有更高的球状星团质量分数。

英文摘要:

To investigate the origin of elevated globular cluster abundances observed around Ultra-Diffuse Galaxies (UDGs), we simulate globular cluster populations hosted by UDGs formed through tidal heating. Specifically, globular cluster (GC) formation is modeled as occurring in regions of dense star formation. Because star-formation-rate-densities are higher at high redshift, dwarf galaxies in massive galaxy clusters, which formed most of their stars at high redshift, form a large fraction of their stars in globular clusters. Given that UDGs formed through environmental processes are more likely to be accreted at high redshift, these systems have more GCs than non-UDGs. In particular, our model predicts that massive UDGs have twice the GC mass of non-UDGs of similar stellar mass, in rough agreement with observations. Although this effect is somewhat diminished by GC disruption, we find that the relationship between GC mass fraction and cluster-centric distance, and the relationship between GC mass fraction and galaxy half-light radius are remarkably similar to observations. Among our model objects, both UDGs and non-UDGs present a correlation between halo mass and GC mass, although UDGs have lower dynamical masses at a given GC mass. Furthermore, because of the effectiveness of GC disruption, we predict that GCs around UDGs should have a more top heavy mass function than GCs around non-UDGs. This analysis suggests that dwarfs with older stellar populations, such as UDGs, should have higher globular cluster mass fractions than objects with young stellar populations, such as isolated dwarfs.

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