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arXiv 1701.04845astro-ph.GA
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银河系暗物质晕和球状星团种群。III:极端环境的扩展

Galactic Dark Matter Halos and Globular Cluster Populations. III: Extension to Extreme Environments

William E. Harris, John P. Blakeslee, Gretchen L. H. Harris

摘要:

根据经验,星系的球状星团(GC)系统中的总质量M_GCS是星系总质量M_h = M_bary + M_dark的一个近似常数的分数,在星系质量的10^5范围内。这种趋势与恒星总质量M_star对M_h的强非线性行为完全不同。我们讨论了这一趋势的扩展到两个更极端的情况:(a)整个星系团,(b)最近在昏迷和其他地方发现的超扩散星系团(UDG)。我们对正常星系的质量比η_M = M_GCS / M_h进行了校准,并对GC采用的质光比进行了新的修订,现在得到η_M = 2.9 \times 10^{-5}作为平均绝对质量分数。我们发现,同样的比例似乎有效的星系团和UDG。我们所研究的四个星系团的η_M的估计值往往略高于单个星系,但需要更多的数据和对这类系统的平均GC质量的更好的约束来确定这种差异是否显著。我们用η_M的恒定性来估计几种个别情况下的总质量;例如,银河系的总质量计算为M_h = 1.1 \times 10^{12} M_sun。对η_M均匀性的物理解释仍然是描述性的,但指出了这样一幅图景,即大质量、高密度的星团在形成阶段相对不受反馈的影响,而反馈对大多数恒星形成的低密度区域的影响更大。

英文摘要:

The total mass M_GCS in the globular cluster (GC) system of a galaxy is empirically a near-constant fraction of the total mass M_h = M_bary + M_dark of the galaxy, across a range of 10^5 in galaxy mass. This trend is radically unlike the strongly nonlinear behavior of total stellar mass M_star versus M_h. We discuss extensions of this trend to two more extreme situations: (a) entire clusters of galaxies, and (b) the Ultra-Diffuse Galaxies (UDGs) recently discovered in Coma and elsewhere. Our calibration of the ratio η_M = M_GCS / M_h from normal galaxies, accounting for new revisions in the adopted mass-to-light ratio for GCs, now gives η_M = 2.9 \times 10^{-5} as the mean absolute mass fraction. We find that the same ratio appears valid for galaxy clusters and UDGs. Estimates of η_M in the four clusters we examine tend to be slightly higher than for individual galaxies, butmore data and better constraints on the mean GC mass in such systems are needed to determine if this difference is significant. We use the constancy of η_M to estimate total masses for several individual cases; for example, the total mass of the Milky Way is calculated to be M_h = 1.1 \times 10^{12} M_sun. Physical explanations for the uniformity of η_M are still descriptive, but point to a picture in which massive, dense star clusters in their formation stages were relatively immune to the feedback that more strongly influenced lower-density regions where most stars form.

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