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arXiv 1909.01347astro-ph.COastro-ph.GA
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星系团中超弥散星系的形成

The Formation of Ultra-Diffuse Galaxies in Clusters

Laura V. Sales, Julio F. Navarro, Louis Penafiel, Eric W. Peng, Sungsoon Lim, Lars Hernquist

摘要:

利用IllustrisTNG宇宙流体动力学模拟研究了星系团中超弥散星系的形成过程。我们补充了一个现实的质量-大小关系的星系在星系团的时候,以及一个分析模型来描述潮汐引起的恒星质量,速度色散和大小的演变模拟。该模型假设“尖”NFW晕,并与最近的索赔,没有困难复制观察到的UDG集群的数量。我们的研究结果进一步表明,UDG人口的“正常”低表面亮度星系的混合物,如在现场发现的(“出生”UDG,或B-UDG),以及一个独特的人口,欠他们的大尺寸和低表面亮度的集群潮汐(“潮汐”,或T-UDG)的影响。模拟结果表明,T-UDG进入集群较早,应该比集群中心附近的B-UDG更普遍。在给定的恒星质量下,T-UDG也应该比B-UDG具有更低的速度色散、更高的金属丰度和更低的暗物质含量。我们的研究结果表明,像DF-44这样的系统与出生时的UDG是一致的,而其他系统如DF 2,DF 4和VLSB-D可能是极端的T-UDG例子。

英文摘要:

We use the IllustrisTNG cosmological hydrodynamical simulation to study the formation of ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs) in galaxy clusters. We supplement the simulations with a realistic mass-size relation for galaxies at the time of infall into the cluster, as well as an analytical model to describe the tidally-induced evolution of their stellar mass, velocity dispersion and size. The model assumes "cuspy" NFW halos and, contrary to recent claims, has no difficulty reproducing the observed number of UDGs in clusters. Our results further suggest that the UDG population consists of a mixture of "normal" low surface brightness galaxies such as those found in the field ("born" UDGs, or B-UDGs), as well as a distinct population that owe their large size and low surface brightness to the effects of cluster tides ("tidal", or T-UDGs). The simulations indicate that T-UDGs entered the cluster earlier and should be more prevalent than B-UDGs near the cluster centres. T-UDGs should also have, at given stellar mass, lower velocity dispersion, higher metallicities, and lower dark matter content than B-UDGs. Our results suggest that systems like DF-44 are consistent with having been born as UDGs, while others such as DF2, DF4 and VLSB-D are possibly extreme T-UDG examples.

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