The Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey (NGVS). XXX. Ultra-Diffuse Galaxies and their Globular Cluster Systems
Sungsoon Lim, Patrick Côté, Eric W. Peng, Laura Ferrarese, Joel C. Roediger, Patrick R. Durrell, J. Christopher Mihos, Kaixiang Wang, S. D. J. Gwyn, Jean-Charle… 展开作者
Sungsoon Lim, Patrick Côté, Eric W. Peng, Laura Ferrarese, Joel C. Roediger, Patrick R. Durrell, J. Christopher Mihos, Kaixiang Wang, S. D. J. Gwyn, Jean-Charles Cuillandre, Chengze Liu, Rubén Sánchez-Janssen, Elisa Toloba, Laura V. Sales, Puragra Guhathakurta, Ariane Lançon, Thomas H. Puzia
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31 pages, 16 figures, 4 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ
We present a study of ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs) in the Virgo Cluster based on deep imaging from the Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey (NGVS). Applying a new definition for the UDG class based on galaxy scaling relations, we define samples of 44 and 26 UDGs using expansive and restrictive selection criteria, respectively. Our UDG sample includes objects that are significantly fainter than previously known UDGs: i.e., more than half are fainter than $\langleμ\rangle_e \sim27.5$ mag arcsec$^{-2}$. The UDGs in Virgo's core region show some evidence for being structurally distinct from "normal" dwarf galaxies, but this separation disappears when considering the full sample of galaxies throughout the cluster. UDGs are more centrally concentrated in their spatial distribution than other Virgo galaxies of similar luminosity, while their morphologies demonstrate that at least some UDGs owe their diffuse nature to physical processes---such as tidal interactions or low-mass mergers---that are at play within the cluster environment. The globular cluster (GC) systems of Virgo UDGs have a wide range in specific frequency ($S_N$), with a higher mean $S_N$ than "normal" Virgo dwarfs, but a lower mean $S_N$ than Coma UDGs at fixed luminosity. Their GCs are predominantly blue, with a small contribution from red clusters in the more massive UDGs. The combined GC luminosity function is consistent with those observed in dwarf galaxies, showing no evidence of being anomalously luminous. The diversity in their morphologies and their GC properties suggests no single process has given rise to all objects within the UDG class. Based on the available evidence, we conclude that UDGs are simply those systems that occupy the extended tails of the galaxy size and surface brightness distributions.
The Next Generation Virgo cluster Survey (NGVS). XXV. Fiducial panchromatic colors of Virgo core globular clusters and their comparison to model predictions
The Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey (NGVS). XVIII. Measurement and Calibration of Surface Brightness Fluctuation Distances for Bright Galaxies in Virgo (and Beyond)
The Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey (NGVS). XIII. The Luminosity and Mass Function of Galaxies in the Core of the Virgo Cluster and the Contribution from Disrupted Satellites
The Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey (NGVS). II. A Catalog of Galaxies in the Virgo Cluster
National Research Council of Canada(加拿大国家研究委员会);Herzberg Astronomy & Astrophysics Research Centre(赫茨伯格天体物理学研究中心);Princeton University(普林斯顿大学);Canadian Space Agency(加拿大航天局);NSF’s NOIRLab(美国国家科学基金会NOIR实验室);INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Teramo(意大利国家天体物理研究所泰拉莫天文台);AIM, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Université de Paris(天体物理与仪器研究所、法国原子能与替代能源署、法国国家科学研究中心、巴黎萨克雷大学、巴黎大学);University of California Santa Cruz(加州大学圣克鲁兹分校)
The Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey (NGVS). III. A Catalog of Surface Brightness Fluctuation Distances and the Three-Dimensional Distribution of Galaxies in the Virgo Cluster
The Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey - Infrared (NGVS-IR): I. A new Near-UV/Optical/Near-IR Globular Cluster selection tool
NGVS-IR项目(下一代室女座巡天-红外)是对室女星系团进行的连续近红外成像巡天。它补充了室女座的光学广域调查(NGVS)。NGVS-IR的当前状态包括以M87为中心的4度^2的KS波段图像,以及覆盖M49和M87之间区域的16度^2的J和KS波段图像。在本文中,我们给出了以室女座核心区域为中心的中心4度^2的观测结果。这些数据是用加拿大-法国-夏威夷望远镜上的WIRCam获得的,总积分时间为41小时,分布在34个连续的瓦片中。一个特定的调查策略被设计来解释扩展的星系,同时仍然测量调查区域内准确的天空亮度。当仅使用视宁度优于0.7”(视宁度中值为0.54”)的图像时,点源检测的平均5σ极限星等为Ks =24.4 AB mag,50%完整性极限为Ks=23.75 AB mag。在这些图像中,星团的分辨率很低,其中发现了μ_Ks=24.4 AB等角秒^-2的室女座星系。结合Ks数据与光学和紫外数据,我们建立了uiK色-色图,它允许一个非常干净的基于颜色的选择球状星团在室女座。这一诊断图将为继续探索室女座的光度和运动学子结构所需的光谱后续活动提供可靠的球状星团候选者,并将有助于设计未来在河外系统中搜索球状星团的计划。配备了这个强大的新工具,未来基于uiK图的NGVS-IR研究将解决室女座星系及其周围的扩展结构和紧凑恒星系统的映射和分析。
The Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey (NGVS). XXXV. First Kinematical Clues of Overly-Massive Dark Matter Halos in Several Ultra-Diffuse Galaxies in the Virgo Cluster
A Virgo Environmental Survey Tracing Ionised Gas Emission (VESTIGE).X. Formation of a red ultra-diffuse galaxy and an almost dark galaxy during a ram-pressure stripping event
星系的演化取决于它们与周围环境的相互作用。超漫射星系(UDG)在星系团中大量存在。我们在VESTIGE巡天中发现了一些恒星形成的斑点,位于距离UDG(即NGVS 3543)$\sim$ 5 kpc处,与HI气体云AGC 226178相关,表明这个低表面亮度系统与周围星团环境之间最近发生了相互作用。我们使用一套完整的多频数据,包括深光学,紫外和窄带H $α$成像和HI数据,以了解产生这个奇特系统的形成过程。为此,我们测量了(i)NGVS 3543的多波长径向表面亮度分布,并将其与富星系团星系演化的分光光度模型的预测进行了比较;(ii)NGVS 3543附近蓝色区域的孔径光度测定,以确定其年龄和恒星质量。观测结果与演化模型的比较表明,NGVS 3543在$\sim$ 1亿年前经历了一次冲压压力剥离(RPS),达到峰值,将富含蓝色气体的UDG转变为缺乏红色气体的UDG。恒星的形成发生在冲压压力剥离气体中,其质量为$\sim$ 10 $^8$ M $_{\odot}$,形成的恒星复合体的典型年龄为$\sim$ 2000万年,恒星质量为$\sim$ 10 $^4$ M $_{\odot}$。这些结果表明,我们是第一次观察到的正在进行的转变的气体丰富的UDG到红色和静止的UDG的影响下的冲压压力剥离事件。同样的过程可以解释在几个附近的星团中观察到的丰富环境中缺乏恒星形成的UDG。
The Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey. VII. The intrinsic shapes of low-luminosity galaxies in the core of the Virgo cluster, and a comparison with the Local Group
The optical colors of hidden spiral-like features in nine Virgo early--type dwarfs
Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María(费德里科·萨玛大学);Millennium Nucleus for Galaxies (MINGAL)(银河系千年核(MINGAL));Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg(海德堡大学天文学中心天文计算研究所);National Research Council of Canada, Herzberg Astronomy & Astrophysics Research Centre(加拿大国家研究委员会赫茨伯格天体物理学与天文学研究中心);Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute(韩国天文学与空间科学研究所)
A Virgo Environmental Survey Tracing Ionised Gas Emission (VESTIGE): XVI. The ubiquity of truncated star-forming disks across the Virgo cluster environment
A Virgo Environmental Survey Tracing Ionised Gas Emission (VESTIGE).XIII. The role of ram-pressure stripping in transforming the diffuse and ultra-diffuse galaxies in the Virgo cluster
The Spatial Distribution of Globular Cluster Systems in Early Type Galaxies: Estimation Procedure and Catalog of Properties for Globular Cluster Systems Observed with Deep Imaging Surveys
A Virgo Environmental Survey Tracing Ionised Gas Emission (VESTIGE) XVIII. Reconstructing the star formation history of early-type galaxies through the combination of their UV and H$α$ emission
FAST-SBF: an automatic procedure for the measurement of Surface Brightness Fluctuations for large sky surveys
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico d’Abruzzo(意大利国家天体物理研究所阿布鲁佐天文台);National Centre for Nuclear Research(波兰国家核研究中心);Gran Sasso Science Institute(格兰萨索科学研究所);Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge(剑桥大学天文学研究所);NSF’s NOIRLab(美国国家科学基金会NOIR天文实验室);Utah Valley University(犹他山谷大学);European Southern Observatory(欧洲南方天文台);INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma(意大利国家天体物理研究所罗马天文台)