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arXiv 1608.08628astro-ph.GA
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球状星团颜色与环境复杂关系的新限制

New Constraints on a complex relation between globular cluster colors and environment

Mathieu Powalka, Thomas H. Puzia, Ariane Lançon, Eric W. Peng, Frederik Schönebeck, Karla Alamo-Martínez, Simón Ángel, John P. Blakeslee, Patrick Côté, Jean-Cha… 展开作者

Mathieu Powalka, Thomas H. Puzia, Ariane Lançon, Eric W. Peng, Frederik Schönebeck, Karla Alamo-Martínez, Simón Ángel, John P. Blakeslee, Patrick Côté, Jean-Charles Cuillandre, Pierre-Alain Duc, Patrick Durrell, Laura Ferrarese, Eva K. Grebel, Puragra Guhathakurta, S. D. J. Gwyn, Harald Kuntschner, Sungsoon Lim, Chengze Liu, Mariya Lyubenova, J. Christopher Mihos, Roberto P. Muñoz, Yasna Ordenes-Briceño, Joel Roediger, Rubén Sánchez-Janssen, Chelsea Spengler, Elisa Toloba, Hongxin Zhang

摘要:

基于下一代室女星系团巡天(NGVS)试验场的数据,对室女星系团核心区域的球状星团(GC)进行了高质量的测光分析,并基于VLT/X-Shooter分光光度法对银河系(MW)进行了测光分析。我们发现显着的差异,从不同的环境中的子样本之间的颜色-颜色图,证实了环境有很强的影响,综合颜色的GC。沿着单一颜色的GC颜色分布不足以捕捉我们在颜色-颜色空间中观察到的差异。虽然平均光度的颜色变得更蓝的径向距离的cD星系M87,我们也发现了环境之间的关系和颜色的颜色关系的斜率和截距。密度更大的环境似乎在某些颜色指数中产生更大的动态范围。我们认为,这些结果并不完全是由于差分灭绝,IMF的变化,校准的不确定性,或整体年龄/金属丰度的变化。因此,我们认为,环境和GC颜色之间的关系,至少部分是由于化学丰度的变化,影响恒星光谱和恒星演化轨迹。我们的研究结果表明,恒星星族的诊断模型的预测是校准一个特定的样本的GC可能不适合所有的河外GC。这些结果主张一个更复杂的模型的GC系统在大质量星系的组装历史,超越了简单的双峰发现在过去的几十年。

英文摘要:

We present an analysis of high-quality photometry for globular clusters (GCs) in the Virgo cluster core region, based on data from the Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey (NGVS) pilot field, and in the Milky Way (MW) based on VLT/X-Shooter spectrophotometry. We find significant discrepancies in color-color diagrams between sub-samples from different environments, confirming that the environment has a strong influence on the integrated colors of GCs. GC color distributions along a single color are not sufficient to capture the differences we observe in color-color space. While the average photometric colors become bluer with increasing radial distance to the cD galaxy M87, we also find a relation between the environment and the slope and intercept of the color-color relations. A denser environment seems to produce a larger dynamic range in certain color indices. We argue that these results are not due solely to differential extinction, IMF variations, calibration uncertainties, or overall age/metallicity variations. We therefore suggest that the relation between the environment and GC colors is, at least in part, due to chemical abundance variations, which affect stellar spectra and stellar evolution tracks. Our results demonstrate that stellar population diagnostics derived from model predictions which are calibrated on one particular sample of GCs may not be appropriate for all extragalactic GCs. These results advocate a more complex model of the assembly history of GC systems in massive galaxies that goes beyond the simple bimodality found in previous decades.

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