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arXiv 1703.06147astro-ph.GA
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超扩散Galerkin宇宙:来自$Λ$ CDM模拟的理论预言

A Universe of Ultra-Diffuse Galaxies: Theoretical Predictions from $Λ$CDM Simulations

Yu Rong, Qi Guo, Liang Gao, Shihong Liao, Lizhi Xie, Thomas H. Puzia, Shuangpeng Sun, Jun Pan

摘要:

近年来,一个特殊的星系群引起了人们的极大兴趣,它们与典型的矮星系一样微弱,但其大小却与$L^*$星系一样大,即所谓的“超扩散星系”(UDG)。UDG在稠密环境中缺乏潮汐特征,这表明它们的宿主晕可能和银河系一样大。另一方面,在这种质量的晕中,星系形成效率应该要高得多。在这里,我们使用的模型星系目录填充两个大的模拟:千禧II宇宙学模拟和凤凰模拟的9大星系团的半解析星系形成模型。该模型再现了非常好的观察到的属性UDG在附近的集群,包括丰度,配置文件,颜色和形态等,我们搜索UDG候选人使用的公共数据,并找到2 UDG候选人在我们的本地组和23在我们的本地卷,在非常好的协议与模型预测。我们证明了UDG是真正的矮星系,形成于$\sim 10^{10}M_{\odot}$的晕中。这是晚形成时间和高自旋的主机晕的组合,导致在空间上扩展的功能,这个特定的人口。集群中UDG的潮汐中断特征的缺乏也可以解释为它们的下沉时间较晚。

英文摘要:

A particular population of galaxies have drawn much interest recently, which are as faint as typical dwarf galaxies but have the sizes as large as $L^*$ galaxies, the so called "ultra-diffuse galaxie" (UDGs). The lack of tidal features of UDGs in dense environments suggests that their host halos are perhaps as massive as that of the Milky Way. On the other hand, galaxy formation efficiency should be much higher in the halos of such masses. Here we use the model galaxy catalog generated by populating two large simulations: the Millennium-II cosmological simulation and Phoenix simulations of 9 big clusters with the semi-analytic galaxy formation model. This model reproduces remarkably well the observed properties of UDGs in the nearby clusters, including the abundance, profile, color, and morphology, etc. We search for UDG candidates using the public data and find 2 UDG candidates in our Local Group and 23 in our Local Volume, in excellent agreement with the model predictions. We demonstrate that UDGs are genuine dwarf galaxies, formed in the halos of $\sim 10^{10}M_{\odot}$. It is the combination of the late formation time and high-spins of the host halos that results in the spatially extended feature of this particular population. The lack of tidal disruption features of UDGs in clusters can also be explained by their late infall-time.

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