We discuss the relative K-theory for a $C^{*}$-algebra, $A$, together with a $C^{*}$-subalgebra, $A' \subseteq A$. The relative group is denoted $K_{i}(A';A), i = 0, 1$, and is due to Karoubi. We present a situation of two pairs $A' \subseteq A$ and $B' \subseteq B$ are related so that there is a natural isomorphism between their respective relative K-theories. We also discuss applications to the case where $A$ and $B$ are $C^{*}$-algebras of a pair of locally compact, Hausdorff topological groupoids, with Haar systems.
We extend Cuntz-Quillen's excision theorem for algebras and pro-algebras in arbitrary Q-linear categories with tensor product.The excision theorems for the bivariant periodic cyclic cohomology of discrete,topological and bornological algebras and pro-algebras follow from this.
We prove that, for every extension of Banach algebras $ 0 \rightarrow B \rightarrow A \rightarrow D \rightarrow 0 $ such that $B$ has a left or right bounded approximate identity, the existence of an associated long exact sequence of Banach simplicial or cyclic cohomology groups is equivalent to the existence of one for homology groups. It follows from the continuous version of a result of Wodzicki that associated long exact sequences exist. In particular, they exist for every extension of $C^*$-algebras.
In this paper, we introduce quotients of étale groupoids. Using the notion of quotients, we describe the abelianizations of groupoid C*-algebras. As another application, we obtain a simple proof that effectiveness of an étale groupoid is implied by the full uniqueness property of its groupoid C*-algebra.
We show that every groupoid C*-algebra is isomorphic to its opposite, and deduce that there exist C*-algebras that are not stably isomorphic to groupoid C*-algebras, though many of them are stably isomorphic to twisted groupoid C*-algebras. We also prove that the opposite algebra of a section algebra of a Fell-bundle over a groupoid is isomorphic to the section algebra of a natural opposite bundle.
From a suitable groupoid G, we show how to construct an amenable principal groupoid whose C*-algebra is a Kirchberg algebra which is KK-equivalent to C*(G). Using this construction, we show by example that many UCT Kirchberg algebras can be realised as the C*-algebras of amenable principal groupoids.
Suppose G is a second countable, locally compact, Hausdorff, principal groupoid with a fixed left Haar system. We define a notion of integrability for groupoids, and show G is integrable if and only if the groupoid C*-algebra C*(G) has bounded trace.
Let $G$ be second countable locally compact Hausdorff groupoid with a continuous Haar system. We remove the assumption of amenability in a theorem by Clark about GCR groupoid $C^*$-algebras. We show that if the groupoid $C^*$-algebra of $G$ is GCR then the orbits of $G$ are locally closed.
We provide groupoid models for Toeplitz and Cuntz-Krieger algebras of topological higher-rank graphs. Extending the groupoid models used in the theory of graph algebras and topological dynamical systems to our setting, we prove results on essential freeness and amenability of the groupoids which capture the existing theory, and extend results involving group crossed products of graph algebras.
We study the topology of the primitive ideal space of groupoid C*-algebras for groupoids with abelian isotropy. Our results include the known results for action groupoids with abelian stabilizers. Furthermore, we obtain complete results when the isotropy map is continuous except for jump discontinuities, and also when $G$ is a unit space fixing extension of a proper groupoid by an abelian group bundle. We hope that our methods will be a springboard to further results of this type.
Let G be second countable locally compact Hausdorff groupoid with a continuous Haar system. We remove the assumption of amenability in a theorem of Clark about groupoids whose $C^*$-algebras are CCR. We show that if the groupoid C*-algebra of G is CCR then the orbits of G are closed.
The second author showed how Katsura's construction of the C*-algebra of a topological graph E may be twisted by a Hermitian line bundle L over the edge space E. The correspondence defining the algebra is obtained as the completion of the compactly supported continuous sections of L. We prove that the resulting C*-algebra is isomorphic to a twisted groupoid C*-algebra where the underlying groupoid is the Renault-Deaconu groupoid of the topological graph with Yeend's boundary path space as its unit space.
We describe a construction by Gábor Elek, associating C*-algebras with uniformly recurrent subgroups, in the language of groupoid C*-algebras. This allows us to simplify several proofs in the original paper and fully characterise their nuclearity. We furthermore relate our groupoids to the dynamics of the group acting on its uniformly recurrent subgroup.
We describe representations of groupoid C*-algebras on Hilbert modules over arbitrary C*-algebras by a universal property. For Hilbert space representations, our universal property is equivalent to Renault's Integration-Disintegration Theorem. For a locally compact group, it is related to the automatic continuity of measurable group representations. It implies known descriptions of groupoid C*-algebras as crossed products for étale groupoids and transformation groupoids of group actions on spaces.
Consider the Deaconu-Renault groupoid of an action of a finitely generated free abelian monoid by local homeomorphisms of a locally compact Hausdorff space. We catalogue the primitive ideals of the associated groupoid C*-algebra. For a special class of actions we describe the Jacobson topology.
We define a groupoid from a labelled space and show that it is isomorphic to the tight groupoid arising from an inverse semigroup associated with the labelled space. We then define a local homeomorphism on the tight spectrum that is a generalization of the shift map for graphs, and show that the defined groupoid is isomorphic to the Renault-Deaconu groupoid for this local homeomorphism. Finally, we show that the C*-algebra of this groupoid is isomorphic to the C*-algebra of the labelled space as introduced by Bates and Pask.
In this paper we generalize a theorem of M. Hilsum and G. Skandalis stating that the $C^*$- algebra of any foliation of non zero dimension is stable. Precisely, we show that the C*-algebra of a Lie groupoid is stable whenever the groupoid has no orbit of dimension zero. We also prove an analogous theorem for singular foliations for which the holonomy groupoid as defined by I. Androulidakis and G. Skandalis is not Lie in general.
We develop a theory of graph C*-algebras using path groupoids and inverse semigroups. Row finiteness is not assumed so that the theory applies to graphs for which there are vertices emitting a countably infinite set of edges. We show that the path groupoid is amenable, and give a groupoid proof of a recent theorem of Szymanski characterizing when a graph C*-algebra is simple.
In this note we show that every Kirchberg algebra in the UCT class is the $C^{\ast}$-algebra of a Hausdorff, ample, amenable and locally contracting groupoid. The non-unital case follows from Spielberg's graph-based models for Kirchberg algebras. Our contribution is the unital case and our proof builds on Spielberg's construction.
We construct ample groupoids from certain categories of paths, and prove that their $C^*$-algebras coincide with the continued fraction AF algebras of Effros and Shen. The proof relies on recent classification results for simple nuclear $C^*$-algebras. The groupoids are not principal. This provides examples of Cartan subalgebras in the continued fraction AF algebras that are isomorphic, but not conjugate, to the standard diagonal subalgebras.
Suppose $G$ is a second countable, locally compact, Hausdorff groupoid with a fixed left Haar system. Let $\go/G$ denote the orbit space of $G$ and $\cs(G)$ denote the groupoid $C^*$-algebra. Suppose that $G$ is a principal groupoid. We show that $C^*(G)$ is CCR if and only if $\go/G$ is a $T_1$ topological space, and that $C^*(G)$ is GCR if and only if $\go/G$ is a $T_0$ topological space. We also show that $C^*(G)$ is a Fell Algebra if and only if $G$ is a Cartan groupoid.
We consider fiberwise singly generated Fell-bundles over etale groupoids. Given a continuous real-valued 1-cocycle on the groupoid, there is a natural dynamics on the cross-sectional algebra of the Fell bundle. We study the Kubo-Martin-Schwinger equilibrium states for this dynamics. Following work of Neshveyev on equilibrium states on groupoid C*-algebras, we describe the equilibrium states of the cross-sectional algebra in terms of measurable fields of traces on the C*-algebras of the restrictions of the Fell bundle to the isotropy subgroups of the groupoid. As a special case, we obtain a des…
We show that if $(A,G,α)$ is a groupoid dynamical system with $A$ continuous trace, then the crossed product $A\rtimes_αG$ is Morita equivalent to the C*-algebra $C*(\underline G,\underline E)$ of a twist $\underline E$ over a groupoid $\underline G$ equivalent to $G$. This is a groupoid analogue of the well known result for the crossed product of a group acting on an elementary C*-algebra.
We compute the homology of the groupoid associated to the Katsura algebras, and show that they capture the $K$-theory of the $C^*$-algebras, and hence satisfying the (HK) conjecture posted by Matui. Moreover, we show that several classifiable simple $C^*$-algebras are groupoid $C^*$-algebras of this class.
We construct a large class of morphisms, which we call partial morphisms, of groupoids that induce $*$-morphisms of maximal and minimal groupoid $C^*$-algebras. We show that the association of a groupoid to its maximal (minimal) groupoid $C^*$-algebra and the association of a partial morphism to its induced morphism are functors (both of which extend the Gelfand functor). We show how to geometrically visualize lots of $*$-morphisms between groupoid $C^*$-algebras. As an application, we construct a groupoid models of the entire inductive systems of the Jiang-Su algebra $\mathcal{Z}$ and the Raz…
Given two locally compact Hausdorff groupoids $G$ and $H$ and a $(G,H)$-equivalence $Z$, one can construct the associated linking groupoid $L$. This is reminiscent of the linking algebra for Morita equivalent $C^*$-algebras. Indeed, Sims and Williams reestablished Renault's equivalence theorem by realizing $C^*(L)$ as the linking algebra for $C^*(G)$ and $C^*(H)$. Since the proof that Morita equivalence preserves exactness for $C^*$-algebras depends on the linking algebra, the linking groupoid should serve the same purpose for groupoid exactness and equivalence. We exhibit such a proof here.
In this paper we suggest a definition for a C*-algebra attached to an injective morphism of some Étale groupoid. We take into account all the peculiarities of such objects and present some interesting relations with already well-known C*-algebras from the literature.
This article extends the main results of the publication arXiv:2001.01312 to the case of a twisted groupoid. More precisely, it gives a decomposition of the C*-algebra of a twisted locally compact groupoid with Haar system in presence of a normal subgroupoid. When the normal subgroupoid and the twist over it are abelian, one obtains another twisted groupoid C*-algebra. This is applied to C*-algebraic deformation quantization and to multiplier representations of locally compact abelian groups.
Given a self-similar groupoid action $(G,E)$ on the path space of a finite graph, we study the associated Exel-Pardo étale groupoid ${\mathcal G}(G,E)$ and its $C^*$-algebra $C^*(G,E)$. We review some facts about groupoid actions, skew products and semi-direct products and generalize a result of Renault about similarity of groupoids which resembles Takai duality. We also describe a general strategy to compute the $K$-theory of $C^*(G,E)$ and the homology of ${\mathcal G}(G,E)$ in certain cases and illustrate with an example.
Let $C^*$-algebra that is acted upon by a compact abelian group. We show that if the fixed-point algebra of the action contains a Cartan subalgebra $D$ satisfying an appropriate regularity condition, then $A$ is the reduced $C^*$-algebra of a groupoid twist. We further show that the embedding $D \hookrightarrow A$ is uniquely determined by the twist. These results generalize Renault's results on Cartan subalgebras of $C^*$-algebras.
The study of different types of ideals in non self-adjoint operator algebras has been a topic of recent research. This study focuses on principal ideals in subalgebras of groupoid C*-algebras. An ideal is said to be principal if it is generated by a single element of the algebra. We look at subalgebras of r-discrete principal groupoid C*-algebras and prove that these algebras are principal ideal algebras. Regular canonical subalgebras of almost finite C*-algebras have digraph algebras as their building blocks. The spectrum of almost finite C*-algebras has the structure of an r-discrete princip…
We provide inverse semigroup and groupoid models for the Toeplitz and Cuntz-Krieger algebras of finitely aligned higher-rank graphs. Using these models, we prove a uniqueness theorem for the Cuntz-Krieger algebra.
Suppose $\mathcal{G}$ is a second-countable locally compact Hausdorff étale groupoid, $G$ is a discrete group containing a unital subsemigroup $P$, and $c:\mathcal{G}\rightarrow G$ is a continuous cocycle. We derive conditions on the cocycle such that the reduced groupoid $C^*$-algebra $C_r^*(\mathcal{G})$ may be realised naturally as the covariance algebra of a product system over $P$ with coefficient algebra $C_r^*(c^{-1}(e))$. When $(G,P)$ is a quasi-lattice ordered group, we also derive conditions that allow $C_r^*(\mathcal{G})$ to be realised as the Cuntz--Nica--Pimsner algebra of a compa…
Given a normal subgroup bundle $\mathcal A$ of the isotropy bundle of a groupoid $Σ$, we obtain a twisted action of the quotient groupoid $Σ/\mathcal A$ on the bundle of group $C^*$-algebras determined by $\mathcal A$ whose twisted crossed product recovers the groupoid $C^*$-algebra $C^*(Σ)$. Restricting to the case where $\mathcal A$ is abelian, we describe $C^*(Σ)$ as the $C^*$-algebra associated to a $\mathbf T$-groupoid over the tranformation groupoid obtained from the canonical action of $Σ/\mathcal A$ on the Pontryagin dual space of $\mathcal A$. We give some illustrative examples of thi…
This paper studies injective envelopes of groupoid dynamical systems and the corresponding boundaries. Analogue to the group case, we associate a bundle of compact Hausdorff spaces to any (discrete) groupoid (the Hamana boundary of the groupoid). We study bundles of compact topological spaces equipped with an action of a groupoid. We show that any groupoid has a minimal boundary (the Furstenberg boundary of the groupoid). We prove that the Hamana and Furstenberg boundaries are the same, for (discrete) groupoids. We find the relation between the reduced crossed product of the $\G$-injective env…
We develop a framework suitable for obtaining simplicity criteria for reduced $C^*$-algebras of Hausdorff etale groupoids. This is based on the study of certain non-degenerate $C^*$-subalgebras (in the case of groupoids, the $C^*$-algebra of the interior isotropy bundle), for which one can control (non-unique) state extensions to the ambient C*-algebra. As an application, we give simplicity criteria for reduced crossed products of abelian $C^*$-algebras by discrete groups.
In 1990, Rieffel defined a notion of proper action of a group $H$ on a $C^*$-algebra $A$. He then defined a generalized fixed point algebra $A^α$ for this action and showed that $A^α$ is Morita equivalent to an ideal of the reduced crossed product. We generalize Rieffel's notion to define proper groupoid dynamical systems and show that the generalized fixed point algebra for proper groupoid actions is Morita equivalent to a subalgebra of the reduced crossed product. We give some nontrivial examples of proper groupoid dynamical systems and show that if $(\A, G, α)$ is a groupoid dynamical syste…
Given a locally compact abelian group $G$, we give an explicit formula for the Dixmier--Douady invariant of the $C^*$-algebra of the groupoid extension associated to a Čech $2$-cocycle in the sheaf of germs of continuous $G$-valued functions. We then exploit the blow-up construction for groupoids to extend this to some more general central extensions of étale equivalence relations.
Mimicking the von Neumann version of Kustermans and Vaes' locally compact quantum groups, Franck Lesieur had introduced a notion of measured quantum groupoid, in the setting of von Neumann algebras. In this article, we suppose that the basis of the measured quantum groupoid is central; in that case, we prove that a specific sub-${\bf C}^*$ algebra is invariant under all the data of the measured quantum groupoid; moreover, this sub-${\bf C}^*$-algebra is a continuous field of ${\bf C}^*$-algebras; when the basis is central in both the measured quantum groupoid and its dual, we get that the meas…
In this paper, we show that if E is a Fell bundle over an amenable étale locally compact Hausdorff groupoid such that every fiber on the unit space is nuclear, then $C?^*r(E)$ is also nuclear. In order to show this result, we introduce (minimal) tensor products of Fell bundles with fixed $C^*$-algebras.
Let $G$ be a Hausdorff, étale groupoid that is minimal and topologically principal. We show that $C^*_r(G)$ is purely infinite simple if and only if all the nonzero positive elements of $C_0(G^0)$ are infinite in $C_r^*(G)$. If $G$ is a Hausdorff, ample groupoid, then we show that $C^*_r(G)$ is purely infinite simple if and only if every nonzero projection in $C_0(G^0)$ is infinite in $C^*_r(G)$. We then show how this result applies to $k$-graph $C^*$-algebras. Finally, we investigate strongly purely infinite groupoid $C^*$-algebras.
This dissertation concerns the classification of groupoid and higher-rank graph C*-algebras and has two main components. Firstly, for a groupoid it is shown that the notions of strength of convergence in the orbit space and measure-theoretic accumulation along the orbits are equivalent ways of realising multiplicity numbers associated to a sequence of induced representations of the groupoid C*-algebra. Examples of directed graphs are given, showing how to determine the multiplicity numbers associated to various sequences of induced representations of the directed graph C*-algebras. The second …
We describe the envelope C*-algebra associated to a partial action of a countable discrete group on a locally compact space as a groupoid C*-algebra (more precisely as a C*-algebra from an equivalence relation) and we use our approach to show that, for a large class of partial actions of Z on the Cantor set, the envelope C*-algebra is an AF-algebra. We also completely characterize partial actions of a countable discrete group on a compact space such that the envelope action acts in a Hausdorff space.
We generalise a number of classical results from the theory of KMS states to KMS weights in the setting of $C^{*}$-dynamical systems arising from a continuous groupoid homomorphism $c:\mathcal{G} \to \mathbb{R}$ on a locally compact second countable Hausdorff étale groupoid $\mathcal{G}$. In particular, we generalise Neshveyev's Theorem to KMS weights.
Given a simple, acyclic dimension group $G_{0}$ and countable, torsion-free, abelian group $G_{1}$, we construct a minimal, amenable, étale equivalence relation $R$ on a Cantor set whose associated groupoid $C^{*}$-algebra, $C^{*}(R)$, is tracially AF, and hence classifiable in the Elliott classification scheme for simple, amenable, separable $C^{*}$-algebras, and with $K_{*}(C^{*}(R)) \cong(G_{0}, G_{1})$.
Let E be a second-countable, locally compact, Hausdorff groupoid equipped with an action of T such that G:=E/T is a principal groupoid with Haar system λ. The twisted groupoid C*-algebra C*(E;G,λ) is a quotient of the C*-algebra of E obtained by completing the space of T-equivariant functions on E. We show that C*(E;G,λ) is postliminal if and only if the orbit space of G is T_0 and that C*(E;G, λ) is liminal if and only if the orbit space is T_1. We also show that C*(E;G, λ) has bounded trace if and only if G is integrable and that C*(E;G, λ) is a Fell algebra if and only if G is Cartan. Let \…
