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arXiv 2008.06562physics.chem-ph
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量子计算机上的从头计算分子动力学

Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics on Quantum Computers

Dmitry A. Fedorov, Matthew J. Otten, Stephen K. Gray, Yuri Alexeev

摘要:

从头算分子动力学(AIMD)是研究有限温度下的分子和材料的一种有价值的技术,其中原子核在由精确的电子结构计算获得的势能面上演化。在这项工作中,提出了一种基于量子计算机的AIMD方法。在量子计算机上用变分量子本征求解器(VQE)方法计算了电子能量。我们计算的能量梯度数值使用赫尔曼-费曼定理,有限差分,和相关的采样技术。我们的方法只需要对每个自由度的电子积分进行额外的经典计算,而不需要在量子计算机上进行任何额外的计算。为了达到相当的精度,我们的梯度计算方法需要三到五个数量级的测量比其他暴力方法没有相关的采样。作为概念验证,AIMD动力学模拟在IBM量子器件上展示了H2分子。据我们所知,这是第一次成功尝试在化学系统的量子设备上运行AIMD。此外,我们证明了该方法的有效性,较大的分子使用全组态相互作用(FCI)波函数。随着量子硬件和噪声抑制技术的不断改进,该方法可用于研究更大的分子和材料系统。

英文摘要:

Ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) is a valuable technique for studying molecules and materials at finite temperatures where the nuclei evolve on potential energy surfaces obtained from accurate electronic structure calculations. In this work, a quantum computer-based AIMD method is presented. The electronic energies are calculated on a quantum computer using the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) method. We compute the energy gradients numerically using the Hellmann-Feynman theorem, finite differences, and a correlated sampling technique. Our method only requires additional classical calculations of electron integrals for each degree of freedom, without any additional computations on a quantum computer beyond the initial VQE run. To achieve comparable accuracy, our gradient calculation method requires three to five orders of magnitude fewer measurements than other brute force methods without correlated sampling. As a proof of concept, AIMD dynamics simulations are demonstrated for the H2 molecule on IBM quantum devices. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first successful attempt to run AIMD on quantum devices for a chemical system. In addition, we demonstrate the validity of the method for larger molecules using full configuration interaction (FCI) wave functions. As quantum hardware and noise mitigation techniques continue to improve, the method can be utilized for studying larger molecular and material systems.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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