Stevo Todorčević, Shihao Xiong
We show that the forcing axiom for countably compact, $ω_2$-Knaster, well-met posets is inconsistent. This is supplemental to an inconsistency result of Shelah and sets a new limit to the generalization of Martin's Axiom to the stage of $ω_2$.
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In a sigma-closed forcing extension, the bounded forcing axiom for Namba forcing fails. This answers a question of Justin Tatch Moore.
Given a cardinal $λ$, category forcing axioms for $λ$-suitable classes $Γ$ are strong forcing axioms which completely decide the theory of the Chang model $\mathcal C_λ$, modulo generic extensions via forcing notions from $Γ$. $\mathsf{MM}^{+++}$ was the first category forcing axiom to be isolated (by the second author). In this paper we present, without proofs, a general theory of category forcings, and prove the existence of $\aleph_1$-many pairwise incompatible category forcing axioms for $ω_1$-suitable classes.
In the present paper we are interested in simple forcing notions and Forcing Axioms. A starting point for our investigations was the article [JR1] in which several problems were posed. We answer some of those problems here.
On forcing axioms and weakenings of the Axiom of Choice
本文证明H_κ与DC_κ等选择公理弱化形式的力迫公理等价物，并借助针对特定稠密集族的新模板给出选择公理的新表述。
Various theorems for the preservation of set-theoretic axioms under forcing are proved, regarding both forcing axioms and axioms true in the Levy-Collapse. These show in particular that certain applications of forcing axioms require to add generic countable sequences high up in the set-theoretic hierarchy even before collapsing everything down to $\aleph\_1$. Later we give applications, among them the consistency of ${\rm MM}$ with $\aleph\_ω$ not being Jonsson which answers a question raised during Oberwolfach 2005.
We prove that the forcing axiom $MA^{1.5}_{\aleph_2}(\mbox{stratified})$ implies $\Box_{ω_1, ω_1}$. Using this implication, we show that the forcing axiom $MM_{\aleph_2}(\aleph_2\mbox{-c.c.})$ is inconsistent. We also derive weak Chang's Conjecture from $MA^{1.5}_{\aleph_2}(\mbox{stratified})$ and use this second implication to give another proof of the inconsistency of $MM_{\aleph_2}(\aleph_2\mbox{-c.c.})$.
We study the spectrum of forcing notions between the iterations of $σ$-closed followed by ccc forcings and the proper forcings. This includes the hierarchy of $α$-proper forcings for indecomposable countable ordinals as well as the Axiom A forcings. We focus on the bounded forcing axioms for the hierarchy of $α$-proper forcings and connect them to a hierarchy of weak club guessing principles. We show that they are, in a sense, dual to each other. In particular, these weak club guessing principles separate the bounded forcing axioms for distinct countable indecomposable ordinals. In the study o…
An extension of Subcomplete Forcing Axiom which implies $\diamondsuit^+$
本文证明子完全力迫公理与菱形原则$\diamondsuit^+$相容，推广了该公理的一致性结果。
The $κ$-Strongly Proper Forcing Axiom
研究高阶力迫公理的相容性，通过超紧基数力迫得到$\kappa$-强正常且$\kappa$-格力迫公理的一致性，消除大基数需求，并构造$2^\kappa$任意大的模型，同时证明其某些自然强化的不相容性。
Methods of Higher Forcing Axioms was a small workshop in Norwich, taking place between 10--12 of September, 2019. The goal was to encourage future collaborations, and create more focused threads of research on the topic of higher forcing axioms. This is an improved version of the notes taken during the meeting by Asaf Karagila.
We introduce bounded category forcing axioms for well-behaved classes $Γ$. These are strong forms of bounded forcing axioms which completely decide the theory of some initial segment of the universe $H_{λ_Γ^+}$ modulo forcing in $Γ$, for some cardinal $λ_Γ$ naturally associated to $Γ$. These axioms naturally extend projective absoluteness for arbitrary set-forcing--in this situation $λ_Γ=ω$--to classes $Γ$ with $λ_Γ>ω$. Unlike projective absoluteness, these higher bounded category forcing axioms do not follow from large cardinal axioms, but can be forced under mild large cardinal assumptions o…
We show that under the Bounded Proper Forcing Axiom and an anti-large cardinal assumption, there is a $\mathbfΠ^1_2$ MAD family.
We show that the Proper Forcing Axiom implies the Singular Cardinal Hypothesis. The proof is by interpolation and uses the Mapping Reflection Principle.
$Σ_n$-correct Forcing Axioms
本文提出了扩展ZFC的$Σ_n$-correct力迫公理族，证明了不同层级公理与对应大基数的相容性，还研究了其力迫保持性、与其他公理的关系及数学推论。
Forcing Axioms for Proper Posets Preserving a Topological Property: Consistency Results
本文引入两个关于保持 Lindelöf 与可数紧致性质的真偏序集的力迫公理，并用 Neeman 侧条件迭代证明其一致性。
We note that some form of the condition "$p_1, p_2$ have a $\leq_{\mathbb{Q}}$-lub in $\mathbb{Q}$" is necessary in some forcing axiom for $λ$-complete $μ^+$-c.c. forcing notions. We also show some versions are really stronger than others.
In this paper we prove that the maximum principle in forcing is equivalent to the axiom of choice. The maximum principle is the property of forcing: p ||- exists x theta(x) iff for some name tau p ||- theta(tau). We also look at three similar partial orders in the Basic Cohen model for the failure of the axiom of choice. We show that despite their apparent similarity the maximum principle holds for only one of the three.
David Aspero asks on the possibility of having Forcing axiom FA_{aleph_2}(K), where K is the class of forcing notions preserving stationarity of subsets of aleph_1 and of aleph_2. We answer negatively, in fact we show the negative result for any regular lambda>aleph_1 even demanding adding no new sequence of ordinals of length<lambda.
Recently the second author introduced combinatorial principles that characterize supercompactness for inaccessible cardinals but can also hold true for small cardinals. We prove that the proper forcing axiom PFA implies these principles hold for $ω_2$. Using this, we argue to show that any of the known methods for forcing models of PFA from a large cardinal assumption requires a strongly compact cardinal. If one forces PFA using a proper forcing, then we get the optimal result that a supercompact cardinal is necessary.
We study principles of the form: if a name $σ$ is forced to have a certain property $φ$, then there is a ground model filter $g$ such that $σ^g$ satisfies $φ$. We prove a general correspondence connecting these name principles to forcing axioms. Special cases of the main theorem are: Any forcing axiom can be expressed as a name principle. For instance, $\mathsf{PFA}$ is equivalent to a principle for rank $1$ names (equivalently, nice names) for subsets of $ω_1$, and a principle for rank $2$ names for sets of reals. Moreover, $λ$-bounded forcing axioms are equivalent to name principles. Bagaria…
A central theme in set theory is to find universes with extreme, well-understood behaviour. The case we are interested in is assuming GCH and has a strong forcing axiom of higher order than usual. Instead of "for every suitable forcing notion for~$λ$" we shall say "for every such family of forcing notions, depending on stationary $S\subseteq λ$, for some such stationary set we have\dots". Such notions of forcing are important for Abelian group theory, but this application is delayed for a sequel.
This paper presents the main results in my Ph.D. thesis. In what follows several proofs of SCH are presented introducing a family of covering properties which implies both SCH and the failure of various forms of square. These covering properties are also applied to investigate models of strongly compact cardinals or of strong forcing axioms like MM or PFA.
The purpose of this paper is to present some results which suggest that the Singular Cardinals Hypothesis follows from the Proper Forcing Axiom. What will be proved is that a form of simultaneous reflection follows from the Set Mapping Reflection Principle, a consequence of PFA. While the results fall short of showing that MRP implies SCH, it will be shown that MRP implies that if SCH fails first at kappa then every stationary subset of S_{kappa^+}^omega = {a < kappa^+ : cf(a) = omega} reflects. It will also be demonstrated that MRP always fails in a generic extension by Prikry forcing.
Strong forcing axioms and the continuum problem (following Asperó's and Schindler's proof that $\mathbf{MM}^{++}$ implies Woodin's Axiom $(*)$)
本文基于Asperó和Schindler关于$\mathbf{MM}^{++}$蕴含Woodin公理$(*)$的证明，探讨了连续统问题及其与集合论近期众多进展的联系。
Suppose that $T^*$ is an $ω_1$-Aronszajn tree with no stationary antichain. We introduce a forcing axiom PFA($T^*$) for proper forcings which preserve these properties of $T^*$. We prove that PFA($T^*$) implies many of the strong consequences of PFA, such as the failure of very weak club guessing, that all of the cardinal characteristics of the continuum are greater than $ω_1$, and the $P$-ideal dichotomy. On the other hand, PFA($T^*$) implies some of the consequences of diamond principles, such as the existence of Knaster forcings which are not stationarily Knaster.
I explore two separate topics: the concept of jointness for set-theoretic guessing principles, and the notion of grounded forcing axioms. A family of guessing sequences is said to be joint if all of its members can guess any given family of targets independently and simultaneously. I primarily investigate jointness in the case of various kinds of Laver diamonds. In the case of measurable cardinals I show that, while the assertions that there are joint families of Laver diamonds of a given length get strictly stronger with increasing length, they are all equiconsistent. This is contrasted with …
We derive a forcing axiom from the conjunction of square and diamond, and present a few applications, primary among them being the existence of super-Souslin trees. It follows that for every uncountable cardinal $λ$, if $λ^{++}$ is not a Mahlo cardinal in Gödel's constructible universe, then $2^λ= λ^+$ entails the existence of a $λ^+$-complete $λ^{++}$-Souslin tree.
Forcing axioms, approachability, and stationary set reflection
本文证明平稳集反射与内部可逼近性的多种定理，指出Fuchino-Usuba蕴含不可逆，加强并简化Krueger结果，并借鉴Woodin思想统一力迫公理保持论证。
The purpose of this article is to prove that the forcing axiom for completely proper forcings is inconsistent with the Continuum Hypothesis. This answers a longstanding problem of Shelah. The corresponding completely proper forcing which can be constructed using CH is moreover a tree whose square is special off the diagonal. While such trees had previously been constructed by Jensen and Kunen under the assumption of Jensen's diamond principle, this is the first time such a construction has been carried out using the Continuum Hypothesis.
Axiomatization and Forcing in Set Theory with Urelements
本文系统研究含本原元素集合论中的公理层级，并提出新的力迫名称定义以证明力迫基本定理，进而揭示力迫对公理的破坏与恢复以及地面模型可定义性的失效现象。
Forcing axioms and the structure theory of Aronszajn trees
本文研究Aronszajn树的结构定理对力迫公理的需求，证明MA(ℵ₁)足以保证存在2^ℵ₁棵两两非同构的相干A-树。
A new axiom is proposed, the Ground Axiom, asserting that the universe is not a nontrivial set-forcing extension of any inner model. The Ground Axiom is first-order expressible, and any model of ZFC has a class-forcing extension which satisfies it. The Ground Axiom is independent of many well-known set-theoretic assertions including the Generalized Continuum Hypothesis, the assertion V=HOD that every set is ordinal definable, and the existence of measurable and supercompact cardinals. The related Bedrock Axiom, asserting that the universe is a set-forcing extension of a model satisfying the Gr…
Echeloned saturation and forcing axioms
针对Paul Larson的问题，研究结合不同力迫公理与集合论假设，证明特定条件下ℵ₁上无弱Laver理想，以及Baumgartner公理下ℵ₂上无Laver理想。
Preserving the Ultrapower Axiom by Forcing over Nonoverlapping Extender Models
本文通过构造离散乘积力迫，在非重叠扩展器模型上保持超幂公理至强基数层次，并证明其与特定V≠HOD_X条件一致，解答了Goldberg的开放问题。
The bounded proper forcing axiom BPFA is the statement that for any family of aleph_1 many maximal antichains of a proper forcing notion, each of size aleph_1, there is a directed set meeting all these antichains. A regular cardinal kappa is called {Sigma}_1-reflecting, if for any regular cardinal chi, for all formulas phi, ``H(chi) models `phi ' '' implies ``exists delta < kappa, H(delta) models `phi ' '' We show that BPFA is equivalent to the statement that two nonisomorphic models of size aleph_1 cannot be made isomorphic by a proper forcing notion, and we show that the consistency strength…
$\mathsf{ZF + AD}$ proves that for all nontrivial forcings $\mathbb{P}$ on a wellorderable set of cardinality less than $Θ$, $1_{\mathbb{P}} \Vdash_{\mathbb{P}} \neg\mathsf{AD}$. $\mathsf{ZF + AD} + Θ$ is regular proves that for all nontrivial forcing $\mathbb{P}$ which is a surjective image of $\mathbb{R}$, $1_{\mathbb{P}} \Vdash_{\mathbb{P}} \neg\mathsf{AD}$. In particular, $\mathsf{ZF + AD + V = L(\mathbb{R})}$ proves that for every nontrivial forcing $\mathbb{P} \in L_Θ(\mathbb{R})$, $1_{\mathbb{P}} \Vdash_{\mathbb{P}} \neg\mathsf{AD}$.
Separating Subversion Forcing Axioms
本研究通过引入子完备和子恰当力迫公理的变体，开发了证明非蕴含关系的通用技术，并展示了SCFA不蕴含MA^+(σ-closed)及SubPFA不蕴含Martin's Maximum等应用。
These notes are extracted from the lectures on forcing axioms and applications held by professor Matteo Viale at the University of Turin in the academic year 2011-2012. Our purpose is to give a brief account on forcing axioms with a special focus on some consequences of them (SRP, OCA, PID). These principles were first isolated by Todor\v cević and interpolate most consequences of MM and PFA, thus providing a useful insight on the combinatorial structure of the theory of forcing axioms. In the first part of this notes we will give a brief account on forcing axioms, introducing some equivalent …
Aronszajn tree preservation and bounded forcing axioms
本文研究了力迫类中三个反射原理层级（有界力迫公理、Σ¹₁-绝对性和Aronszajn树保持）之间的关系，证明了对于不添加实数的力迫类，在2^ω层级上三者等价，并特别关注子完全力迫的子类。
In this series of papers, we advance Ramsey theory of colorings over partitions. In this part, a correspondence between anti-Ramsey properties of partitions and chain conditions of the natural forcing notions that homogenize colorings over them is uncovered. At the level of the first uncountable cardinal this gives rise to a duality theorem under Martin's Axiom: a function $p:[ω_1]^2\rightarrowω$ witnesses a weak negative Ramsey relation when $p$ plays the role of a coloring if and only if a positive Ramsey relation holds over $p$ when $p$ plays the role of a partition. The consistency of posi…
Forcing Axioms, the Uniformization and the Basis Property
该数理逻辑研究证明存在满足马丁公理的模型具有粗体$Σ^1_3$-一致化性质，且有界恰当力迫公理加$ℵ_1$对实数可及可直接推出该性质，推进了力迫公理与描述集合论性质关联的研究。
Uniformization of ladder system colorings and stationary precaliber forcings
本文研究了梯子系统染色均匀化变体与 Martin 公理片段的关系，提出了平稳预 caliber $\aleph_1$ 性质的力迫公理，并证明了其与 $σ$-链接偏序集力迫公理的分离。
We study the influence of strong forcing axioms on the complexity of the non-stationary ideal on $ω_2$ and its restrictions to certain cofinalities. Our main result shows that the strengthening $MM^{++}$ of Martin's Maximum does not decide whether the restriction of the non-stationary ideal on $ω_2$ to sets of ordinals of countable cofinality is $Δ_1$-definable by formulas with parameters in $H(ω_3)$. The techniques developed in the proof of this result also allow us to prove analogous results for the full non-stationary ideal on $ω_2$ and strong forcing axioms that are compatible with CH. Fin…
Distinguishing Martin's axiom from its restrictions
该研究提出一种对强着色破坏极小的可数链条件力迫迭代方法，证明了Martin公理严格强于两类受限形式的Martin公理，给出了更精细的公理强度区分。
Squares, ultrafilters and forcing axioms
该研究探讨集合论中平方序列、超滤子与力迫公理的关联，证明强力迫公理可与弱带索引平方序列相容、带索引平方序列可与合适参数的不可分解超滤子共存，且正常力迫公理下承载一致不可分解超滤子的基数性质结论最优，推进了集合论紧致性原理的研究。
A new axiom is proposed, the Ground Axiom, asserting that the universe is not a nontrivial set forcing extension of any inner model. The Ground Axiom is first-order expressible, and any model of ZFC has a class forcing extension which satisfies it. The Ground Axiom is independent of many well-known set-theoretic assertions including the Generalized Continuum Hypothesis, the assertion V=HOD that every set is ordinal definable, and the existence of measurable and supercompact cardinals. The related Bedrock Axiom, asserting that the universe is a set forcing extension of a model satisfying the Gr…
Sequential and distributive forcings without choice
本文研究无选择公理下集合论中$κ$-分配力迫与$κ$-序列力迫的等价性问题，证明该等价在弱选择公理下失效，给出拟正常性条件以刻画依赖选择公理的保持性，并分析两类力迫对不同选择公理的保持与违反情况。
We give a brief survey on the interplay between forcing axioms and various other non-constructive principles widely used in many fields of abstract mathematics, such as the axiom of choice and Baire's category theorem. First of all we outline how, using basic partial order theory, it is possible to reformulate the axiom of choice, Baire's category theorem, and many large cardinal axioms as specific instances of forcing axioms. We then address forcing axioms with a model-theoretic perspective and outline a deep analogy existing between the standard Łoś Theorem for ultraproducts of first order s…
We introduce a class of notions of forcing which we call $Σ$-Prikry, and show that many of the known Prikry-type notions of forcing that centers around singular cardinals of countable cofinality are $Σ$-Prikry. We show that given a $Σ$-Prikry poset $\mathbb P$ and a name for a non-reflecting stationary set $T$, there exists a corresponding $Σ$-Prikry poset that projects to $\mathbb P$ and kills the stationarity of $T$. Then, in a sequel to this paper, we develop an iteration scheme for $Σ$-Prikry posets. Putting the two works together, we obtain a proof of the following. Theorem. If $κ$ is the…
The resurrection axioms are forcing axioms introduced recently by Hamkins and Johnstone, developing on ideas of Chalons and Velicković. We introduce a stronger form of resurrection axioms (the \emph{iterated} resurrection axioms $\textrm{RA}_α(Γ)$ for a class of forcings $Γ$ and a given ordinal $α$), and show that $\textrm{RA}_ω(Γ)$ implies generic absoluteness for the first-order theory of $H_{γ^+}$ with respect to forcings in $Γ$ preserving the axiom, where $γ=γ_Γ$ is a cardinal which depends on $Γ$ ($γ_Γ=ω_1$ if $Γ$ is any among the classes of countably closed, proper, semiproper, stationar…
Forcing Axioms and construction schemes
该研究推进ω₁上构造方案理论，引入基数𝔪ⁿ_ℱ并利用其一致性证明ω上间隙与几乎不交族的相关结论，得到构造方案的限制性结果并解答已有问题，还证明PID蕴含2-捕获方案不存在。
We prove rigidity results for large classes of corona algebras, assuming the Proper Forcing Axiom. In particular, we prove that a conjecture of Coskey and Farah holds for all separable $C^*$-algebras with the metric approximation property and an increasing approximate identity of projections.
We introduce a category whose objects are stationary set preserving complete boolean algebras and whose arrows are complete homomorphisms with a stationary set preserving quotient. We show that the cut of this category at a rank initial segment of the universe of height a super compact which is a limit of super compact cardinals is a stationary set preserving partial order which forces $MM^{++}$ and collapses its size to become the second uncountable cardinal. Next we argue that any of the known methods to produce a model of $MM^{++}$ collapsing a superhuge cardinal to become the second uncoun…
It is well known that pretameness implies the forcing theorem, and that pretameness is characterized by the preservation of the axioms of $\mathsf{ZF}^-$, that is $\mathsf{ZF}$ without the power set axiom, or equivalently, by the preservation of the axiom scheme of replacement, for class forcing over models of $\mathsf{ZF}$. We show that pretameness in fact has various other characterizations, for instance in terms of the forcing theorem, the preservation of the axiom scheme of separation, the forcing equivalence of partial orders and their dense suborders, and the existence of nice names for …
This dissertation surveys several topics in the general areas of iterated forcing, infinite combinatorics and set theory of the reals. There are two parts. In the first half I consider alternative versions of the Cichoń diagram. First I show that for a wide variety of reduction concepts there is a Cichoń diagram for effective cardinal characteristics relativized to that reduction. As an application I investigate in detail the Cichoń diagram for degrees of constructibility relative to a fixed inner model of ZFC. Then I study generalizations of cardinal characteristics to the space of functions …
The proper forcing axiom for $\aleph_1$-sized posets, $ω_1$-linked symmetrically proper forcing, and the size of the continuum
本文证明针对 $\aleph_1$ 规模偏序集的真力迫公理与任意大的连续统相容，并进一步构造模型同时满足 Martin's Maximum 及多种组合原则。
We give arguments for and prove the consistency of some internal forcing axioms.
Our original aim was, in Abelian group theory to prove the consistency of: lambda is strong limit singular and for some properties of abelian groups which are relatives of being free, the compactness in singular fails. In fact this should work for R-modules, etc. As in earlier cases part of the work is analyzing how to move between the set theory and the algebra. Set theoretically we try to force a universe which satisfies G.C.H. and diamond holds for many stationary sets but, for every regular uncountable lambda, in some sense anything which "may" hold for some stationary set, does hold for s…
We introduce a variant of Martin's axiom, called the grounded Martin's axiom, which asserts that the universe is a ccc forcing extension in which Martin's axiom holds for posets in the ground model. This principle already implies several of the combinatorial consequences of Martin's axiom. The new axiom is shown to be consistent with the failure of Martin's axiom and a singular continuum. We prove that the grounded Martin's axiom is preserved in a strong way when adding a Cohen real and that adding a random real to a model of Martin's axiom preserves the grounded version (even though it destro…
The *-variation of the Banach-Mazur game and forcing axioms
本文提出一种加强(ω_1+1)-strategic closedness的poset性质，并证明PFA在特定forcing下的保持性，同时应用该性质重新证明了PFA与弱square原理的一致性。
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