arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2007.10448cond-mat.str-elcond-mat.stat-mechhep-th
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开费米子量子物质的对称类

Symmetry classes of open fermionic quantum matter

Alexander Altland, Michael Fleischhauer, Sebastian Diehl

摘要:

我们提出了费米子物质在热平衡内外的完全对称性分类。我们的方法从第一性原理开始,在费米子Fock空间的线性和反线性状态变换的十个不同的类,和对称性定义通过密度矩阵的动力学方程的不变性。分类的对象则是可逆动力学,耗散和波动的发电机,在一般不可逆和相互作用的动力学方程。平衡态和非平衡态动力学的对称性之间的明显区别分别来自于“时间”在这两种情况下所扮演的不同角色:在幺正量子力学和“微可逆”热平衡中,反线性变换与时间反演相结合定义了时间反演对称性。然而,出于平衡的时间反演变得毫无意义,而反-线性变换在福克空间仍然是物理意义,因此必须考虑在自治。这种二分法的实际结果是非平衡量子动力学中反线性对称性(10个基本类中的6个)的新实现,它与热平衡的既定规则有着根本的不同。在很大程度上,这样对称分类的动态生成元决定了任意相互作用系统的稳态非平衡分布。为了说明这一原则,我们考虑固定的对称性保护的拓扑相位在相互作用的晶格费米子系统。更一般地说,我们认为实际上重要的类平均场相互作用系统,高斯状态。这类自然是描述的语言的非厄米矩阵,这使我们能够比较以前的分类方案在文献中。

英文摘要:

We present a full symmetry classification of fermion matter in and out of thermal equilibrium. Our approach starts from first principles, the ten different classes of linear and anti-linear state transformations in fermionic Fock spaces, and symmetries defined via invariance properties of the dynamical equation for the density matrix. The object of classification are then the generators of reversible dynamics, dissipation and fluctuations featuring in the generally irreversible and interacting dynamical equations. A sharp distinction between the symmetries of equilibrium and out of equilibrium dynamics, respectively, arises from the different role played by `time' in these two cases: In unitary quantum mechanics as well as in `micro-reversible' thermal equilibrium, anti-linear transformations combined with an inversion of time define time reversal symmetry. However, out of equilibrium an inversion of time becomes meaningless, while anti--linear transformations in Fock space remain physically significant, and hence must be considered in autonomy. The practical consequence of this dichotomy is a novel realization of antilinear symmetries (six out of the ten fundamental classes) in non-equilibrium quantum dynamics that is fundamentally different from the established rules of thermal equilibrium. At large times, the dynamical generators thus symmetry classified determine the steady state non-equilibrium distributions for arbitrary interacting systems. To illustrate this principle, we consider the fixation of a symmetry protected topological phase in a system of interacting lattice fermions. More generally, we consider the practically important class of mean field interacting systems, represented by Gaussian states. This class is naturally described in the language of non-Hermitian matrices, which allows us to compare to previous classification schemes in the literature.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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