The Fermat's and Euler's congruence theorems
Sourav Koner, Sreetamo Roy
本文通过笛卡尔积 $X^N$ 上的平移对称性显式公式，推导出费马与欧拉同余定理等初等数论基本结果。
我们给出了在笛卡尔积 $X^N$ 中获得平移对称性的显式公式，其中 $N$ 是某个正整数，$X$ 是某个有限集。此外，我们得到了初等数论中的一些基本结果。
We give an explicit formulae for obtaining the translation symmetries in the cartesian product $X^N$, where $N$ is some positive integer and $X$ is some finite set. Moreover, we obtain some fundamental results from elementary number theory.
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Given an odd prime p, we prove a congruence on the p-residue of the Fermat quotient q_p(a) in base a with 0<a<p, which arises from a generalization of the Voronoi congruences and from some other congruences on sums and weighted sums of divided Bernoulli numbers. As an application in the base 2 case, we retrieve a congruence for the first generalized harmonic number of order (p-1)/2, a generalization originally due to Z-H. Sun of a classical congruence known since long for the harmonic number of order (p-1)/2 as a special case of the Lerch formula. We find a sharpening of the Voronoi congruence…
Some Congruences Involving Binomial Coefficient and Fermat Quotient
本文研究了涉及二项式系数和费马商的某些同余式，探讨了相关求和形式的性质。
Polynomial identities and Fermat quotients
本文通过证明多项式恒等式，推导出费马商模 $p^2$ 的更简单同余式，推广 Eisenstein 经典同余式，并得到调和数相关和式及高阶二项和公式。
While preparing the correspondence between Leonhard Euler and Christian Goldbach for publication, Martin Mattmueller asked whether the lemma given in the postscript of Euler's letter dated July 26, 1749, was enough for completing the proof of Fermat's Four Squares Theorem. In this article we will show that Euler's result can in fact be used for proving this result via induction.
Let $p>3$ be a prime, and let $q_p(2)=(2^{p-1}-1)/p$ be the Fermat quotient of $p$ to base 2. Recently, Z. H. Sun proved that \sum_{k=1}^{p-1}\frac{1}{k\cdot 2^k}\equiv q_p(2)-\frac{p}{2}q_p(2)^2 \pmod{p^2} which is a generalization of a congruence due to W. Kohnen. In this note we give an elementary proof of the above congruence which is based on several combinatorial identities and congruences involving the Fermat quotient $q_p(2)$, harmonic or alternating harmonic sums.
Considering $\mathbb{Z}_n$ the ring of integers modulo $n$, the classical Fermat-Euler theorem establishes the existence of a specific natural number $φ(n)$ satisfying the following property: $ x^{φ(n)}=1%\hspace{1.0cm}\text{for all}\hspace{0.2cm}x\in \mathbb{Z}_n^*, $ for all $x$ belonging to the group of units of $\mathbb{Z}_n$. In this manuscript, this result is extended to a class of rings that satisfies some mild conditions.
We give q-analogues of the following congruences by Z.-W. Sun: \sum_{k=1}^{p-1}\frac{D_k}{k} \equiv -\frac{2^{p-1}-1}{p} \pmod p,\\ \sum_{k=1}^{p-1}\frac{H_k}{k 2^k}\equiv 0 \pmod{p},\quad p\geqslant 5, where p is a prime, D_n=\sum_{k=0}^{n}{n+k\choose 2k}{2k\choose k} are the Delannoy numbers, and H_n=\sum_{k=1}^n\frac{1}{k} are the harmonic numbers. We also prove that, for any positive integer m and prime p>m+1, \sum_{1\leqslant k_1\leqslant \cdots \leqslant k_m\leqslant p-1}\frac{1}{k_1\cdots k_m 2^{k_m}} \equiv\frac{1}{2}\sum_{k=1}^{p-1}\frac{(-1)^{k-1}}{k^m} \pmod p, which is a multiple g…
Eisenstein series are real analytic functions which play a central role in spectral theory of the hyperbolic Laplacian. Kronecker limit formulas determine their connection to modular forms. The main result of this work is Theorem 7.2 in which a Kronecker limit formula for a family of non-congruence subgroups associated with the Fermat curves is presented. As an application we can determine the scattering constants for the Fermat curves in Theorem 8.1.
Using Eulerian and Euler numbers, we establish congruences concerning sums involving harmonic numbers, tangent numbers and Genocchi numbers.
We generalize the congruences of Friedmann-Tamarkine (1909), Lehmer (1938), Ernvall-Metsankyla (1991) on the sums of powers of integers weighted by powers of the Fermat quotients to the next Fermat quotient power, namely to the third power of the Fermat quotient. Using this result and the Gessel identity (2005) combined with our past work (2001), we are able to relate residues of some truncated convolutions of Bernoulli numbers with some Ernvall-Metsankyla residues to some full convolutions of the same kind. We also establish some congruences concerning other related weighed sums of powers of …
Let $p\ge 5$ be a prime, and let $q_p(2):=(2^{p-1}-1)/p$ be the Fermat quotient of $p$ to base 2. The following curious congruence was conjectured by L. Skula and proved by A. Granville $$ q_p(2)^2\equiv -\sum_{k=1}^{p-1}\frac{2^k}{k^2}\pmod{p}. $$ In this note we establish the above congruence by entirely elementary number theory arguments.
In this paper, we will present several new congruences involving binomial coefficients under integer moduli, which are the continuation of the previous two work by Cai \textit{et al.} (2002, 2007).
`Fermat's Last Theorem for the exponent 3 has received numerous proofs, the most common of which being either in Euler's or in Gauss' style. This latter works entirely in the ring of integers of the quadratic field generated by the square root of -3. A proof in Euler's style is based on a central lemma related to properties of the quadratic form x^2 + 3y^2, then it proceeds by descent by considering Two main cases. In the present version, the central lemma receives a short proof and the classical proof by descent in Two main cases boils down to a One-case proof.
Jacob's ladders, Hardy-Littlewood integral (1918) and new asymptotic functional equations for Euler's Gamma function together with the tenth equivalent of the Fermat-Wiles theorem
本文基于Hardy-Littlewood积分的几乎线性增量构造了新$Γ$泛函，生成了Fermat-Wiles定理的$Γ$等价式及Euler $Γ$函数的新因式分解公式集。
The notion of the truncated Euler characteristic for Iwasawa modules is an extension of the notion of the usual Euler characteristic to the case when the homology groups are not finite. This article explores congruence relations between the truncated Euler characteristics for dual Selmer groups of elliptic curves with isomorphic residual representations, over admissible $p$-adic Lie extensions. Our results extend earlier congruence results from the case of elliptic curves with rank zero to the case of higher rank elliptic curves.
We determine the limiting distribution of the normalized Euler factors of an abelian threefold A defined over a number field k when A is geometrically isogenous to the cube of a CM elliptic curve defined over k. As an application, we classify the Sato-Tate distributions of the Jacobians of twists of the Fermat and Klein quartics, obtaining 54 and 23, respectively, and 60 in total. We encounter a new phenomenon not visible in dimensions 1 or 2: the limiting distribution of the normalized Euler factors is not determined by the limiting distributions of their coefficients.
We prove Fermat's Last Theorem over ${\mathbb Q}(\sqrt{5})$ and ${\mathbb Q}(\sqrt{17})$ for prime exponents $p \ge 5$ in certain congruence classes modulo $48$ by using a combination of the modular method and Brauer-Manin obstructions explicitly given by quadratic reciprocity constraints. The reciprocity constraint used to treat the case of ${\mathbb Q}(\sqrt{5})$ is a generalization to a real quadratic base field of the one used by Chen-Siksek. For the case of ${\mathbb Q}(\sqrt{17})$, this is insufficient, and we generalize a reciprocity constraint of Bennett-Chen-Dahmen-Yazdani using Hilbe…
We prove two results concerning the generalized Fermat equation $x^4+y^4=z^p$. In particular we prove that the First Case is true if $p \neq 7$.
This paper proves that the $\mathbb{U}$-operator attached to a cocharacter is a right root of the corresponding Hecke polynomial. This result is an important ingredient in the proof of (i) the horizontal norm relations in the context of Gross--Gan--Prasad cycles and of (ii) the generalization of Eichler--Shimura relations.
The notion of the truncated Euler characteristic for Iwasawa modules is a generalization of the the usual Euler characteristic to the case when the cohomology groups are not finite. Let $p$ be an odd prime, $E_1$ and $E_2$ be elliptic curves over a number field $F$ with semistable reduction at all primes $v|p$ such that the $\operatorname{Gal}(\bar{F}/F)$-modules $E_1[p]$ and $E_2[p]$ are irreducible and isomorphic. We compare the Iwasawa invariants of certain imprimitive multisigned Selmer groups of $E_1$ and $E_2$. Leveraging these results, congruence relations for the truncated Euler charac…
Wilson's theorem modulo higher prime powers II: Bernoulli numbers and polynomials
该研究将作者此前用费马商幂和超同余描述威尔逊定理与威尔逊商的成果，转化为幂和与伯努利数的同余式，给出更简洁的证明，还算出了模p⁴的威尔逊商等结果并可推广到更高素数幂。
Eisenstein congruences among Euler systems
本文研究 Garrett–Rankin–Selberg 型 Euler 系统间的 Eisenstein 同余，借助 Bloch–Kato 猜想、Perrin-Riou 形式体系及 $p$-进 $L$-函数比较，统一处理三类上同调类。
We study and generalize some arithmetical properties of the classes (2^k+) and (2^k-) introduced by V. I. Arnold: a number n belongs to the class (N+) if N|φ(n) and 2^{\frac{φ(n)}{N}} \equiv 1 mod n where φ(n) is the Euler function, and belongs to the class (M-) if M|φ(n) and 2^{\frac{φ(n)}{M}} \equiv -1 mod n. The classes (2+), (2-),(4+), (4-), (8+)and (8-) are studied by V. I. Arnold and here we will show general properties of the classes (2^k+) and (2^k-) and we will see that the properties which is proved by V. I. Arnold are special cases of ours.
$p$-adic Congruences of Generalized Euler Numbers and Relations to Even Zeta Values
本文从 $p$-adic 和分析角度研究广义欧拉数，引入同余欧拉数并建立其 $p$-adic 同余，包括解决与 Lehmer 数相关的猜想，并利用复分析方法用同余欧拉数表示偶 Zeta 值。
Bell Transforms of Arithmetic Functions: Euler Products, Congruences, and Polynomial Sequences
本文提出一个统一的代数框架，利用形式贝尔变换将算术函数的狄利克雷卷积与无限欧拉型乘积的组合结构联系起来，通过分析指数生成函数的对数导数，建立了贝尔指数与莫比乌斯逆运算之间的显式映射，并应用于推导经典序列的精确消失性质和同余继承性质，包括拉马努金的tau函数和素数着色分区。此外，证明了逆贝尔变换能够无缝恢复经典分区递推关系，并提供了一个离散的组合引擎来生成特殊多项式族，包括经典的Appell和Sheffer序列。
For a nonzero integer $a$ let ${E_n^{(a)}}$ be given by $\sum_{k=0}^{[n/2]}\binom n{2k}a^{2k}E_{n-2k}^{(a)}=(1-a)^n$ $(n=0,1,2,...)$, where $[x]$ is the greatest integer not exceeding $x$. As $E_n^{(1)}=E_n$ is the Euler number, $E_n^{(a)}$ can be viewed as a generalization of Euler numbers. Let $k$ and $m$ be positive integers, and let $b$ be a nonnegative integer. In this paper, we determine $E_{2^mk+b}^{(a)}$ modulo $ 2^{m+10}$ for $m\ge 5$. For $m\ge 5$ we also establish congruences for $U_{kφ{(5^m)}+b},\; E_{kφ{(5^m)}+b},\; S_{kφ{(5^m)}+b}\pmod{5^{m+5}}$ and $S_{kφ{(3^m)}+b}\pmod{3^{m+5}}…
For a given real number $a$ we define the sequence $\{E_{n,a}\}$ by $E_{0,a}=1$ and $E_{n,a}=-a\sum_{k=1}^{[n/2]} \binom n{2k}E_{n-2k,a}$ $(n\ge 1)$, where $[x]$ is the greatest integer not exceeding $x$. Since $E_{n,1}=E_n$ is the n-th Euler number, $E_{n,a}$ can be viewed as a natural generalization of Euler numbers. In this paper we deduce some identities and an inversion formula involving $\{E_{n,a}\}$, and establish congruences for $E_{2n,a}\mod{2^{{\rm ord}_2n+8}}$, $E_{2n,a}\pmod{3^{{\rm ord}_3n+5}}$ and $E_{2n,a}\pmod{5^{{\rm ord}_5n+4}}$ provided that $a$ is a nonzero integer, where $…
Euler-type Recurrence Relations for Partition Functions with Congruence Conditions
该研究针对模$\delta$同余于0或$\pm g$的分拆函数$p_{\delta,g}(n)$，利用广义戴德金η函数与Rankin-Cohen括号推导欧拉型递推关系，还得到$\delta=5$的显式递推、拉马努金型同余及拉德马赫型公式。
Irrationality of finite logarithms in a congruence-class adèle ring
该文在$abc$猜想成立前提下，将有限对数无理性的已有结果扩展到素数受限为$p\equiv 1\bmod m$的算术级数情形，还证明其无法为二次无理数。
In this paper, we establish some Fleck-Weisman type and Davis-Sun type congruences for the Stirling numbers and the Eulerian numbers.
We give a short proof, using generating functions, for a polynomial congruence for Eulerian polynomials first proved, using arrangements of hyperplanes, by Yoshinaga and later proved, using roots of unity, by Iijima, Sasaki, Takahashi, and Yoshinaga.
Congruence properties of Lehmer-Euler numbers
本文研究Lehmer在1935年利用三次单位根定义的广义欧拉数，给出其同余性质、递推公式和显式公式，并构造新的多项式序列，得到与欧拉数及中心阶乘数相关的恒等式。
In this sequel to arXiv:0905.3327, we continue to study the congruence properties of the alternating version of multiple harmonic sums. As contrast to the study of multiple harmonic sums where Bernoulli numbers and Bernoulli polynomials play the key roles, in the alternating setting the Euler numbers and the Euler polynomials are also essential.
Let $p>3$ be a prime, and let $a$ be a rational p-adic integer. Let $\{B_n(x)\}$ and $\{E_n(x)\}$ denote the Bernoulli polynomials and Euler polynomials, respectively. In this paper we show that $$\sum_{k=0}^{p-1}\binom ak\binom{-1-a}k\equiv (-1)^{\langle a\rangle_p}+ p^2t(t+1)E_{p-3}(-a)\pmod{p^3}$$ and for $a\not\equiv -\frac 12\pmod p$, $$\sum_{k=0}^{p-1}\binom ak\binom{-1-a}k\frac 1{2k+1}\equiv \frac{1+2t}{1+2a} +p^2\frac{t(t+1)}{1+2a}B_{p-2}(-a)\pmod{p^3},$$ where $\langle a\rangle_p\in\{0,1,\ldots,p-1\}$ satisfying $a\equiv \langle a\rangle_p\pmod p$ and $t=(a-\langle a\rangle_p)/p$. Tak…
Let $p>3$ be a prime, and let $a$ be a rational p-adic integer with $a\not\equiv 0\pmod p$. In this paper we establish congruences for $$\sum_{k=1}^{(p-1)/2}\frac{\binom ak\binom{-1-a}k}k, \quad\sum_{k=0}^{(p-1)/2}k\binom ak\binom{-1-a}k \quad\text{and}\quad\sum_{k=0}^{(p-1)/2}\frac{\binom ak\binom{-1-a}k}{2k-1}\pmod {p^2}$$ in terms of Bernoulli and Euler polynomials. We also give some transformation formulas for congruences modulo $p^2$.
Euler Characteristics of a Family of Congruence Subgroups of $GL_m(\Z)$
本文研究 $GL_m(\Z)$ 及其同余子群 $Γ_1(m,p)$ 的同调欧拉特征，计算不同表示下的欧拉特征，并应用于同调计算。
We provide several extensions of the modular method which were motivated by the problem of completing previous work to prove that, for any integer $n \geq 2$, the equation \[ x^{13} + y^{13} = 3 z^n \] has no non-trivial solutions. In particular, we present four elimination techniques which are based on: (1) establishing reducibility of certain residual Galois representations over a totally real field; (2) generalizing image of inertia arguments to the setting of abelian surfaces; (3) establishing congruences of Hilbert modular forms without the use of often impractical Sturm bounds; and (4) a…
Fermat-Euler quotients arose from the study of the first case of Fermat's Last Theorem, and have numerous applications in number theory. Recently they were studied from the cryptographic aspects by constructing many pseudorandom binary sequences, whose linear complexities and trace representations were calculated. In this work, we further study their correlation measures by using the approach based on Dirichlet characters, Ramanujan sums and Gauss sums. Our results show that the $4$-order correlation measures of these sequences are very large. Therefore they may not be suggested for cryptograp…
Let $\{E_n\}$ be the Euler numbers. In the paper we determine $E_{2^mk+b}-E_b$ modulo $2^{m+7}$, where $k$ and $m$ are positive integers and $b\in{0,2,4,...}$.
The commutative algebra of congruence ideals and applications to number theory
本文基于Wiles的工作，将数值准则推广到更高余数维度，引入同余模的概念，并探讨其在变形理论和Hecke代数中的应用，以及同余理想在模ularity lifting和因子化公式中的作用。
A resolution of Kellner's conjectures on Wilson quotients
本研究针对凯尔纳关于威尔逊商的猜想，利用\(p\)进对数和指数函数给出同余式的\(p\)进证明，还通过完全贝尔多项式给出多项式\(\psi_\nu\)的显式生成函数，从而解决了凯尔纳的两个猜想。
In this paper we study the genralized q-Euler numbers and polynomials. From our results, we derive some interesting congruences related tothe generalized q-Euler numbers.
Let $p_k(n)$ be given by the $k$-th power of the Euler Product $\prod _{n=1}^{\infty}(1-q^n)^k=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}p_k(n)q^{n}$. By investigating the properties of the modular equations of the second and the third order under the Atkin $U$-operator, we determine the generating functions of $p_{8k}(2^{2α} n +\frac{k(2^{2α}-1)}{3})$ $(1\leq k\leq 3)$ and $p_{3k} (3^{2β}n+\frac{k(3^{2β}-1)}{8})$ $(1\leq k\leq 8)$ in terms of some linear recurring sequences. Combining with a result of Engstrom about the periodicity of linear recurring sequences modulo $m$, we obtain infinite families of congruences…
Let $p>3$ be a prime. We prove that $$\sum_{k=0}^{p-1}\binom{2k}{k}/2^k=(-1)^{(p-1)/2}-p^2E_{p-3} (mod p^3),$$ $$\sum_{k=1}^{(p-1)/2}\binom{2k}{k}/k=(-1)^{(p+1)/2}8/3*pE_{p-3} (mod p^2),$$ $$\sum_{k=0}^{(p-1)/2}\binom{2k}{k}^2/16^k=(-1)^{(p-1)/2}+p^2E_{p-3} (mod p^3)$$, where E_0,E_1,E_2,... are Euler numbers. Our new approach is of combinatorial nature. We also formulate many conjectures concerning super congruences and relate most of them to Euler numbers or Bernoulli numbers. Motivated by our investigation of super congruences, we also raise a conjecture on 7 new series for $π^2$, $π^{-2}$ …
Let $p>3$ be a prime. Euler numbers $E_{p-3}$ first appeared in H. S. Vandiver's work (1940) in connection with the first case of Fermat Last Theorem. Vandiver proved that $x^p+y^p=z^p$ has no solution for integers $x,y,z$ with $\gcd(xyz,p)=1$ if $E_{p-3}\equiv 0 (\bmod p)$. Numerous combinatorial congruences recently obtained by Z.-W. Sun and by Z.-H. Sun involve the Euler numbers $E_{p-3}$. This gives a new significance to the primes $p$ for which $E_{p-3}\equiv 0 (\bmod p)$. For the computation of residues of Euler numbers $E_{p-3}$ modulo a prime $p$, we use the congruence which runs signi…
Euler-Kronecker constants of modular forms: beyond Dirichlet $L$-series
本文构造涉及 ${\mathfrak S}_3$、${\mathfrak S}_4$ 扩张所对应 Artin $L$-级数的 Euler–Kronecker 常数例子，并据此解决 2023 年关于模形式同余的问题。
Euler wants to find rational numbers (integers) x and y such that x+y is a square and x^2+y^2 is a fourth power. He parametrizes these with two other variables that satisfy certain equations.
We extend formulae of Mertens and Mirsky on the asymptotic behaviour of the standard Euler function to the Euler functions of principal rings of integers of imaginary quadratic number fields, giving versions in angular sector and with congruences.
E26 in the Enestrom index. Translated from the Latin original, "Observationes de theoremate quodam Fermatiano aliisque ad numeros primos spectantibus" (1732). In this paper Euler gives a counterexample to Fermat's claim that all numbers of the form 2^{2^m}+1 are primes, by showing 2^{2^5}+1=4294967297 is divisible by 641. He also considers many cases in which we are guaranteed that a number is composite, but he notes clearly that it is not possible to have a full list of circumstances under which a number is composite. He then gives a theorem and several corollaries of it, but he says that he …
Sophie Germain, mathématicienne extraordinaire: A story stranger than fiction
本文回顾索菲·热尔曼在数论领域的贡献，揭示她对费马大定理的深入研究及与拉格朗日、勒让德和高斯的互动，重新评估其在数论中的重要性。
Some Congruences Involving Fourth Powers of Generalized Central Trinomial Coefficients
本文研究了广义中心三项式系数四次方的同余性质，针对特定情形证明了相关求和公式在模p³下的表达式。
This article deals with a conjecture, introduced in [GQ] (hereinafter $SFLT2$), which generalizes the second case of Fermat's Last Theorem: {\it Let $p>3$ be a prime. The diophantine equation $\frac{u^p+v^p}{u+v}=w_1^p$ with $u,v,u+v, w_1\in\Z\backslash\{0\}$, $u,v$ coprime and $v\equiv 0 \mod p$ has no solution.} Let $ζ$ be a $p$th primitive root of unity and $K:=\Q(ζ)$. A prime $q$ is said {\it $p$-principal} if the class of any prime ideal $\mathfrak q_K$ of $K$ over $q$ is a $p$-power of a class. Assume that $SFLT2$ fails for $(p,u,v)$. Let $q$ be any odd prime coprime with $puv$, $f$ the …
On the Euler characteristic of $S$-arithmetic groups
该研究证明了S-算术群的欧拉特征符号仅依赖于S-同余完成，扩展了之前的相关研究成果。
We give a survey of Denef's rationality theorem on $p$-adic integrals, its uniform in $p$ versions, the relevant model theory, and a number of applications to counting subgroups of finitely generated nilpotent groups and conjugacy classes in congruence quotients of Chevalley groups over rings of integers of local fields. We then state results on analytic properties of Euler products of such $p$-adic integrals over all $p$, and an application to counting conjugacy classes in congruence quotients of certain algebraic groups over the rationals. We then briefly discuss zeta functions arising from …
A necessary and sufficient condition is provided for the solvability of a binomial congruence with a composite modulus, circumventing its prime factorization. This is a generalization of Euler's Criterion through that of Euler's Theorem, and the concepts of order and primitive roots. Idempotent numbers play a central role in this effort.
On Some Generalisations of Gauss Sequences
本文提出了欧拉-Gauss序列，扩展了Gauss序列的定义，并研究了其q-类比及循环筛现象的新条件。
In 1997 the author found a criterion for the Riemann hypothesis for the Riemann zeta function, involving the nonnegativity of certain coefficients associated with the Riemann zeta function. In 1999 Bombieri and Lagarias obtained an arithmetic formula for these coefficients using the ``explicit formula'' of prime number theory. In this paper, the author obtains an arithmetic formula for corresponding coefficients associated with the Euler product of Hecke polynomials, which is essentially a product of L-functions attached to weight 2 cusp forms (both newforms and oldforms) over Hecke congruence…
We establish some supercongruences related to a supercongruence of Van Hamme, such as \begin{align*} \sum_{k=0}^{(p+1)/2} (-1)^k (4k-1)\frac{(-\frac{1}{2})_k^3}{k!^3} &\equiv p(-1)^{(p+1)/2}+p^3(2-E_{p-3})\pmod{p^{4}},\\ \sum_{k=0}^{(p+1)/2} (4k-1)^5 \frac{(-\frac{1}{2})_k^4}{k!^4} &\equiv 16p\pmod{p^{4}}, \end{align*} where $p$ is an odd prime and $E_{p-3}$ is the $(p-3)$-th Euler number. Our proof uses some congruences of Z.-W. Sun, the Wilf--Zeilberger method, Whipple's $_7F_6$ transformation, and the software package {\tt Sigma} developed by Schneider. We also put forward two related conje…
Higher-Order Cyclotomic Congruences for $q$-Secant and Generalized $q$-Euler Numbers
本研究借助$q$-正割数互反生成函数、高斯系数展开等工具，推导$q$-正割数的四阶$(1+q)$模同余式，并将局部展开法推广到广义$q$-欧拉数，得到素数模下的高阶分圆同余，构建了通用高阶分圆方法的首个实例。
We revisit old conjectures of Fermat and Euler regarding representation of integers by binary quadratic form x^2+5y^2. Making use of Ramanujan's_1ψ_1 summation formula we establish a new Lambert series identity for \sum_{n,m=-\infty}^{\infty} q^{n^2+5m^2}. Conjectures of Fermat and Euler are shown to follow easily from this new formula. But we don't stop there. Employing various formulas found in Ramanujan's notebooks and using a bit of ingenuity we obtaina collection of new Lambert series for certain infinite products associated with quadratic forms such as x^2+6y^2, 2x^2+3y^2, x^2+15y^2, 3x^…
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