We give a survey of some old and new results about the stated skein modules/algebras of 3-manifolds/surfaces. For generic quantum parameter, we discuss the splitting homomorphism for the 3-manifold case, general structures of the stated skein algebras of marked surfaces (or bordered punctured surfaces) and their embeddings into quantum tori. For roots of 1 quantum parameter, we discuss the Frobenius homomorphism (for both marked 3-manifolds and marked surfaces), describe the center of the skein algebra of marked surfaces, the dimension of the skein algebra over the center, and the representation theory of the skein algebra. In particular, we show that the skein algebra of non-closed marked surface at any root of 1 is a maximal order. We give a full description of the Azumaya locus of the skein algebra of the puncture torus and give partial results for closed surfaces.
We study the algebraic and geometric properties of stated skein algebras of surfaces with punctured boundary. We prove that the skein algebra of the bigon is isomorphic to the quantum group ${\mathcal O}_{q^2}(\mathrm{SL}(2))$ providing a topological interpretation for its structure morphisms. We also show that its stated skein algebra lifts in a suitable sense the Reshetikhin-Turaev functor and in particular we recover the dual $R$-matrix for ${\mathcal O}_{q^2}(\mathrm{SL}(2))$ in a topological way. We deduce that the skein algebra of a surface with $n$ boundary components is an algebra-como…
The stated skein algebra of a punctured bordered surface (or equivalently, a marked surface) is a generalization of the well-known Kauffman bracket skein algebra of unmarked surfaces and can be considered as an extension of the quantum special linear group $\mathcal{O}_{q^2}(SL_2)$ from a bigon to general surfaces. We show that the stated skein algebra of a punctured bordered surface with non-empty boundary can be embedded into quantum tori in two different ways. The first embedding can be considered as a quantization of the map expressing the trace of a closed curve in terms of the shear coor…
We study the stated skein modules of marked 3-manifolds. We generalize the splitting homomorphism for stated skein algebras of surfaces to a splitting homomorphism for stated skein modules of 3-manifolds. We show that there exists a Chebyshev-Frobenius homomorphism for the stated skein modules of 3-manifolds which extends the Chebyshev homomorphism of the skein algebras of unmarked surfaces originally constructed by Bonahon and Wong. Additionally, we show that the Chebyshev-Frobenius map commutes with the splitting homomorphism. This is then used to show that in the case of the stated skein al…
We give an explicit correspondence between stated skein algebras, which are defined via explicit relations on stated tangles in [Costantino F., Lê T.T.Q., arXiv:1907.11400], and internal skein algebras, which are defined as internal endomorphism algebras in free cocompletions of skein categories in [Ben-Zvi D., Brochier A., Jordan D., J. Topol. 11 (2018), 874-917, arXiv:1501.04652] or in [Gunningham S., Jordan D., Safronov P., arXiv:1908.05233]. Stated skein algebras are defined on surfaces with multiple boundary edges and we generalise internal skein algebras in this context. Now, one needs t…
We give an $SL_3$ analogue of the triangular decomposition of the Kauffman bracket stated skein algebras described by Le. To any punctured bordered surface, we associate an $SL_3$ stated skein algebra which contains the $SL_3$ skein algebra of closed webs. These algebras admit natural algebra morphisms associated to the splitting of surfaces along ideal arcs. We give an explicit basis for the $SL_3$ stated skein algebra and show that the splitting morphisms are injective and describe their images. By splitting a surface along the edges of an ideal triangulation, we see that the $SL_3$ stated s…
Frobenius extensions play a central role in the link homology theories based upon the sl(n) link variants, and each of these Frobenius extensions may be recast geometrically via a category of marked cobordisms in the manner of Bar-Natan. Here we explore a large family of such marked cobordism categories that are relevant to generalized sl(n) link homology theories. We also investigate the skein modules that result from embedding these marked cobordisms within 3-manifolds, and arrive at an explicit presentation for several of these generalized skein modules.
In this paper we study the skein algebras of marked surfaces and the skein modules of marked 3-manifolds. Muller showed that skein algebras of totally marked surfaces may be embedded in easy to study algebras known as quantum tori. We first extend Muller's result to permit marked surfaces with unmarked boundary components. The addition of unmarked components allows us to develop a surgery theory which enables us to extend the Chebyshev homomorphism of Bonahon and Wong between skein algebras of unmarked surfaces to a "Chebyshev-Frobenius homomorphism" between skein modules of marked 3-manifolds…
This paper defines several algebras associated to an oriented surface $S$ with a finite set of marked points on the boundary. The first is the skein algebra $Sk_q(S)$, which is spanned by links in the surface which are allowed to have endpoints at the marked points, modulo several locally defined relations. The product is given by superposition of links. A basis of this algebra is given, as well as several algebraic results. When $S$ is triangulable, the quantum cluster algebra $A_q(S)$ and quantum upper cluster algebra U_q(S) can be defined. These are algebras coming from the triangulations o…
This paper is based on my talks (`Skein modules with a cubic skein relation: properties and speculations' and `Symplectic structure on colorings, Lagrangian tangles and its applications') given in Kyoto (RIMS), September 11 and September 18 respectively, 2001. The first three sections closely follow the talks: starting from elementary moves on links and ending on applications to unknotting number motivated by a skein module deformation of a 3-move. The theory of skein modules is outlined in the problem section of these proceedings. In the first section we make the point that despite its long h…
We define a (co-)Poisson (co)algebra of curves on a bordered surface. A bordered surface is a surface whose boundary have marked points. Curves on the bordered surface are oriented loops and oriented arcs whose endpoints in the set of marked points. We define a (co-)Poisson (co)bracket on the symmetric algebra of a quotient of the vector space spanned by the regular homotopy classes of curves on the bordered surface by generalizing the Goldman bracket and the Turaev cobracket. Moreover, we define a Poisson algebra of unoriented curves on a bordered surface and show that a quantization of the P…
We show how the quantum trace map of Bonahon and Wong can be constructed in a natural way using the skein algebra of Muller, which is an extension of the Kauffman bracket skein algebra of surfaces. We also show that the quantum Teichmüller space of a marked surface, defined by Chekhov-Fock (and Kashaev) in an abstract way, can be realized as a concrete subalgebra of the skew field of the skein algebra.
We show that the Kauffman bracket skein algebra of any oriented surface F (possibly with marked points in its boundary) has no zero divisors and that its center is generated by knots parallel to the unmarked components of the boundary of F. Furthermore, we show that skein algebras are Noetherian and Ore. Our proofs rely on certain filtrations of skein algebras induced by pants decompositions of surfaces. We prove some basic algebraic properties of the associated graded algebras along the way.
We study a certain skein element in the relative Kauffman bracket skein module of the disk with some marked points, and expand this element in terms linearly independent elements of this module. This expansion is used to compute and study the head and the tail of the colored Jones polynomial and in particular we give a simple $q-$series for the tail of the knot $8_5$. Furthermore, we use this expansion to obtain an easy determination of the theta coefficients.
We investigate aspects of Kauffman bracket skein algebras of surfaces and modules of 3-manifolds using quantum torus methods. These methods come in two flavors: embedding the skein algebra into a quantum torus related to quantum Teichmuller space, or filtering the algebra and obtaining an associated graded algebra that is a monomial subalgebra of a quantum torus. We utilize the former method to generalize the Chebyshev homomorphism of Bonahon and Wong between skein algebras of surfaces to a Chebyshev-Frobenius homomorphism between skein modules of marked 3-manifolds, in the course of which we …
The author defined for each (commutative) Frobenius algebra a skein module of surfaces in a $3$-manifold $M$ bounding a closed $1$-manifold $α\subset \partial M$. The surface components are colored by elements of the Frobenius algebra. The modules are called the Bar-Natan modules of $(M,α)$. In this article we show that Bar-Natan modules are colimit modules of functors associated to Frobenius algebras, decoupling topology from algebra. The functors are defined on a category of $3$-dimensional compression bordisms embedded in cylinders over $M$ and take values in a linear category defined from …
We generalise surface cluster algebras to the case of infinite surfaces where the surface contains finitely many accumulation points of boundary marked points. To connect different triangulations of an infinite surface, we consider infinite mutation sequences. We show transitivity of infinite mutation sequences on triangulations of an infinite surface and examine different types of mutation sequences. Moreover, we use a hyperbolic structure on an infinite surface to extend the notion of surface cluster algebras to infinite rank by giving cluster variables as lambda lengths of arcs. Furthermore…
