We consider the scattering theory for the defocusing energy subcritical wave equations with an inverse square potential. By employing the energy flux method we establish energy flux estimates on the light cone. Then by the characteristic line method and radiation theorem, we show that the radial finite-energy solutions scatter to free waves outside of light cones. Using Morawetz estimates we then obtain the scattering theory for radial solutions with finite weighted energy initial data.
Using the inverse scattering method, we construct global solutions to the Novikov-Veselov equation for real-valued decaying initial data q with the property that the associated Schrodinger operator with potential q is nonnegative. Such initial data are either critical (an arbitrarily small perturbation of the potential makes the operator nonpositive) or subcritical (sufficiently small perturbations of the potential preserve non-negativity of the operator). Previously, Lassas, Mueller, Siltanen and Stahel proved global existence for critical potentials, also called potentials of "conductivity t…
The inverse scattering method for the Novikov-Veselov equation is studied for a larger class of Schrödinger potentials than could be handled previously. Previous work concerns so-called conductivity type potentials, which have a bounded positive solution at zero energy and are a nowhere dense set of potentials. We relax this assumption to include logarithmically growing positive solutions at zero energy. These potentials are stable under perturbations. Assuming only that the potential is subcritical and has two weak derivatives in a weighted Sobolev space, we prove that the associated scatteri…
We consider the inhomogeneous nonlinear Schrödinger equation with inverse-square potential in $\mathbb{R}^N$ $$ i u_t + \mathcal{L}_a u+λ|x|^{-b}|u|^αu = 0,\;\;\mathcal{L}_a=Δ-\frac{a}{|x|^2}, $$ where $λ=\pm1$, $α,b>0$ and $a>-\frac{(N-2)^2}{4}$. We first establish sufficient conditions for global existence and blow-up in $H^1_a(\mathbb{R}^N)$ for $λ=1$, using a Gagliardo-Nirenberg-type estimate. In the sequel, we study local and global well-posedness in $H^1_a(\mathbb{R}^N)$ in the $H^1$-subcritical case, applying the standard Strichartz estimates combined with the fixed point argument. The …
Asymptotic behavior of solutions to heat equations with spatially singular inverse-square potentials is studied. By combining a parabolic Almgren type monotonicity formula with blow-up methods, we evaluate the exact behavior near the singularity of solutions to linear and subcritical semilinear parabolic equations with Hardy type potentials. As a remarkable byproduct, a unique continuation property is obtained.
We study the long-time behavior of solutions to nonlinear Schroedinger equations with some critical rough potential of inverse square type. The new ingredients are the interaction Morawetz-type inequalities and Sobolev norm property associated with the Lapalacian with inverse square potential. We use such properties to obtain the scattering theory for the defocusing energy-subcritical nonlinear Schroedinger equation with inverse square potential in energy space.
We consider the following nonlinear Schrödinger equation with double power nonlinearities and an inverse power potential: \[ i\frac{\partial u}{\partial t}+Δu+|u|^{\frac{4}{N}}u+C_1|u|^{p-1}u+\frac{C_2}{|x|^{2σ}}u=0 \] in $\mathbb{R}^N$. From the classical argument, the solution with subcritical mass ($\left\|u_0\right\|_2<\left\|Q\right\|_2$) is global and bounded in $H^1(\mathbb{R}^N)$, where $Q$ is the ground state of the mass-critical problem. Previous results show the existence of a minimal-mass blow-up solution for the equation with $C_1>0$ and $C_2=0$ or $C_1=0$ and $C_2>0$ and investig…
In this paper, the Choquard equation with an inverse-square potential and both focusing and defocusing nonlinearities in the energy-subcritical regime is investigated. For all the cases, the local well-posedness result in $H^1(\mathbb{R}^N)$ is established. Moreover, the global existence result for arbitrary initial values is proved in the defocusing case while a global existence/blowup dichotomy below the ground state is established in the focusing case.
On the Hardy-Hénon heat equation with an inverse square potential
Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune（印度科学教育研究所浦那分校）；Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati（印度科学教育研究所蒂鲁帕蒂分校）；Keio University（庆应义塾大学）；RIKEN（理化学研究所）
We study the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with an inverse-square potential in dimensions $3\leq d \leq 6$. We consider both focusing and defocusing nonlinearities in the mass-supercritical and energy-subcritical regime. In the focusing case, we prove a scattering/blowup dichotomy below the ground state. In the defocusing case, we prove scattering in $H^1$ for arbitrary data.
We show that the inverse problems for a class of kinetic equations can be solved by classical tools in PDE analysis including energy estimates and the celebrated averaging lemma. Using these tools, we give a unified framework for the reconstruction of the absorption coefficient for transport equations in the subcritical and critical regimes. Moreover, we apply this framework to obtain, to the best of our knowledge, the first result in a nonlinear setting. We also extend the result of recovering the scattering coefficient in [14] from 3D to 2D convex domains.
In this paper, we consider the scattering theory of the radial solution to focusing energy-subcritical Hartree equation with inverse-square potential in the energy space $H^{1}(\mathbb{R}^d)$ using the method from \cite{Dodson2016}. The main difficulties are the equation is \emph{not} space-translation invariant and the nonlinearity is non-local. Using the radial Sobolev embedding and a virial-Morawetz type estimate we can exclude the concentration of mass near the origin. Besides, we can overcome the weak dispersive estimate when $a<0$, using the dispersive estimate established by \cite{zheng…
Let $L:=-Δ+V$ be a nonnegative Schrödinger operator on $L^2({\bf R}^N)$, where $N\ge 2$ and $V$ is a radially symmetric inverse square potential. In this paper we assume either $L$ is subcritical or null-critical and we establish a method for obtaining the precise description of the large time behavior of $e^{-tL}φ$, where $φ\in L^2({\bf R}^N,e^{|x|^2/4}\,dx)$.
We consider the unitary group for the Schrödinger operator with inverse-square potential. We adapt Combes-Thomas estimates to show that, when restricted to non-radial functions, the operator enjoys much better estimates that mirror those of the Laplacian.
In this paper, we prove a refined version of a compactness lemma and we use it to establish mass-concentration for the focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation with an inverse-square potential.
In this paper we will consider oscillations of square viscoelastic membranes by adding to the wave equation another term, which takes into account the memory. To this end, we will study a class of integrodifferential equations in square domains. By using accurate estimates of the spectral properties of the integrodifferential operator, we will prove an inverse observability inequality.
We introduce a model to design reflectors that take into account the inverse square law for radiation. We prove existence of solutions, both in the near and far field cases, when the input and output energies are prescribed.
We show the strong instability of radial ground state standing waves for the focusing $L^2$-supercritical nonlinear Schrödinger equation with inverse-square potential \[ i\partial_t u + Δu + c|x|^{-2} u = - |u|^α u, \quad (t,x)\in \mathbb{R} \times \mathbb{R}^d, \] where $d\geq 3$, $u: \mathbb{R} \times \mathbb{R}^d \rightarrow \mathbb{C}$, $c\ne 0$ satisfies $c<λ(d):=\left(\frac{d-2}{2}\right)^2$ and $\frac{4}{d} <α<\frac{4}{d-2}$. This result extends a recent result of Bensouilah-Dinh-Zhu [{\it On stability and instability of standing waves for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with inverse…
Let $H:=-Δ+V$ be a nonnegative Schrödinger operator on $L^2({\bf R}^N)$, where $N\ge 2$ and $V$ is an inverse square potential. In this paper we obtain sharp decay estimates of the operator norms of $e^{-tH}$ and $\nabla e^{-tH}$ in Lorentz spaces.
We consider the defocusing energy-critical nonlinear Schrödinger equation with inverse-square potential $iu_t = -Δu + a|x|^{-2}u + |u|^4u$ in three space dimensions. We prove global well-posedness and scattering for $a>-\frac14 +\frac1{25}$. We also carry out the variational analysis needed to treat the focusing case.
A class of nonlinear Schroedinger equations with critical power-nonlinearities and potentials exhibiting multiple anisotropic inverse square singularities is investigated. Conditions on strength, location, and orientation of singularities are given for the minimum of the associated Rayleigh quotient to be achieved, both in the whole $\R^N$ and in bounded domains.
Let P be the operator $-Δ+V$ on R^d, where $V$ is a real potential with several inverse square singularities. The usual non-trapping type high-frequency inequality on the truncated resolvent of $P$ is shown, using semi-classical measures. This inequality implies local smoothing effect on the corresponding Schrodinger equation.
We prove spacetime weighted-L^2 estimates for the Schrodinger and wave equation with an inverse-square potential. We then deduce Strichartz estimates for these equations.
We consider the focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation with inverse square potential \[ i\partial_t u + Δu + c|x|^{-2} u = - |u|^αu, \quad u(0) = u_0 \in H^1, \quad (t,x) \in \mathbb{R}^+ \times \mathbb{R}^d, \] where $d \geq 3$, $c\ne 0$, $c<λ(d)=\left(\frac{d-2}{2}\right)^2$ and $0<α\leq \frac{4}{d}$. Using the profile decomposition obtained recently by the first author \cite{Bensouilah}, we show that in the $L^2$-subcritical case, i.e. $0<α<\frac{4}{d}$, the sets of ground state standing waves are orbitally stable. In the $L^2$-critical case, i.e. $α=\frac{4}{d}$, we show that ground state…
In this paper, we consider the energy critical nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a repulsive inverse square potential. In particular, we deal with radial initial data, whose energy is equal to the energy of static solution to the corresponding nonlinear Schrödinger equation without a potential. We investigate time behavior of the radial solutions with such initial data.
The endpoint Strichartz estimates for two-dimensional Schrodinger equations were recovered by averaging the solutions in L^2 in the angular variable by Tao. For Schrodinger equations with defocusing inverse square potential, we proved that the homogeneous endpoint estimates hold under this setting. In particular, the original versions of endpoint estimates hold for radial data.
We prove weighted $L^2$ estimates for the Klein-Gordon equation perturbed with singular potentials such as the inverse-square potential. We then deduce the well-posedness of the Cauchy problem for this equation with small perturbations, and go on to discuss local smoothing and Strichartz estimates which improve previously known ones.
We give necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of weak solutions of a parabolic problem corresponding to the Kolmogorov operators perturbed by a multipolar inverse square potential with respect to the Gaussian probability measure which is the unique invariant measure for Ornstein-Uhlenbeck type operators. We state the optimality of the constant and, then, the nonexistence of positive exponentially bounded solutions to the parabolic problem.
We study the energy-critical nonlinear wave equation in the presence of an inverse-square potential in dimensions three and four. In the defocusing case, we prove that arbitrary initial data in the energy space lead to global solutions that scatter. In the focusing case, we prove scattering below the ground state threshold.
We study the scattering theory for the Schrödinger and wave equations with rough potentials in a scale of homogeneous Sobolev spaces. The first half of the paper concerns with an inverse-square potential in both of subcritical and critical constant cases, which is a particular model of scaling-critical singular perturbations. In the subcritical case, the existence of the wave and inverse wave operators defined on a range of homogeneous Sobolev spaces is obtained. In particular, we have the scattering to a free solution in the homogeneous energy space for both of the Schrödinger and wave equati…
We consider the focusing cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation with inverse-square potential in three space dimensions. We identify a sharp threshold between scattering and blowup, establishing a result analogous to that of Duyckaerts, Holmer, and Roudenko for the standard focusing cubic NLS. We also prove failure of uniform space-time bounds at the threshold.
Recent progress in the theory and computation for the Novikov-Veselov (NV) equation is reviewed with initial potentials decaying at infinity, focusing mainly on the zero-energy case. The inverse scattering method for the zero-energy NV equation is presented in the context of Manakov triples, treating initial data of conductivity type rigorously. Special closed-form solutions are presented, including multisolitons, ring solitons, and breathers. The computational inverse scattering method is used to study zero-energy exceptional points and the relationship between supercritical, critical, and su…
In this paper, we consider radial standing waves to a nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation with a repulsive inverse-square potential. It is known that existence of a "radial" ground state to the stationary problem of the nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation. Here, the "radial" ground state is a solution with the least energy among radial solutions to the stationary problem. We deal with stability and instability of the standing wave for the "radial" ground state.
In this paper, we study the long time behavior of the solution of nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a singular potential. We prove scattering below the ground state for the radial NLS with inverse-square potential in dimension two $$iu_t+Δu-\frac{a u}{|x|^2}= -|u|^pu$$ when $2<p<\infty$ and $a>0$. This work extends the result in [13, 14, 16] to dimension 2D. The key point is a modified version of Arora-Dodson-Murphy's approach [2].
We investigate the properties of standing waves to a nonlinear Schrödinger equation with inverse-square potential on the half-line. We first establish the existence of standing waves. Then, by a variational characterization of the ground states, we establish the orbital stability of standing waves for mass sub-critical nonlinearity. Owing to the non-compactness and the absence of translational invariance of the problem, we apply a profile decomposition argument. We obtain convergent minimizing sequences by comparing the problem to the problem at "infinity" (i.e., the equation without inverse s…
In this paper, we study the Strichartz-type estimates of the solution for the linear wave equation with inverse square potential. Assuming the initial data possesses additional angular regularity, especially the radial initial data, the range of admissible pairs is improved. As an application, we show the global well-posedness of the semi-linear wave equation with inverse-square potential $\partial_t^2 u-Δu+\frac{a}{|x|^2}u=\pm|u|^{p-1}u$ for power $p$ being in some regime when the initial data are radial. This result extends the well-posedness result in Planchon, Stalker, and Tahvildar-Zadeh.
Let $\mathcal{L}_a$ be a Schrödinger operator with inverse square potential $a|x|^{-2}$ on $\mathbb{R}^d, d\geq 3$. The main aim of this paper is to prove weighted estimates for fractional powers of $\mathcal{L}_a$. The proof is based on weighted Hardy inequalities and weighted inequalities for square functions associated to $\mathcal{L}_a$. As an application, we obtain smoothing estimates regarding the propagator $e^{it\mathcal{L}_a}$.
We consider the final state problem for the inhomogeneous nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a critical long-range nonlinearity. Given a prescribed asymptotic profile, which has a logarithmic phase correction compared with the free evolution, we construct a unique global solution which converges to the profile. As a consequence, the existence of modified wave operators for localized small scattering data is obtained. We also study the same problem for the case with the critical inverse-square potential under the radial symmetry. In particular, we construct the modified wave operators for the …
The purpose of this note is to prove global-in-time smoothing effects for the Schrödinger equation with potentials exhibiting critical singularity. A typical example of admissible potentials is the inverse-square potential $a|x|^{-2}$ with $a>-(n-2)^2/4$. This particularly gives an affirmative answer to a question raised by Bui-D'Ancona-Duong-Li-Ly [4]. The proof employs a uniform resolvent estimate proved by Barceló-Vega-Zubeldia [1] and an abstract perturbation method by Bouclet-Mizutani [3].
In this paper, we utilize the method in Dodson-Murphy [4] to establish the radial scattering result for the focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation with inverse square potential $i\pa_tu-\la u=-|u|^{p-1}u$ in the energy space $H^1_a(\R^d)$ in dimensions $d\geq3$, which extends the result of [10,11] to higher dimensions cases but with radial initial data. The new ingredient is to establish the dispersive estimate for radial function and overcome the weak dispersive estimate when $a<0$.
We study the $L^p$-theory for the Schrödinger operator $\mathcal L_a$ with inverse-square potential $a|x|^{-2}$. Our main result describes when $L^p$-based Sobolev spaces defined in terms of the operator $(\mathcal L_a)^{s/2}$ agree with those defined via $(-Δ)^{s/2}$. We consider all regularities $0<s<2$. In order to make the paper self-contained, we also review (with proofs) multiplier theorems, Littlewood-Paley theory, and Hardy-type inequalities associated to the operator $\mathcal L_a$.
We analyze controllability properties for the one-dimensional heat equation with singular inverse-square potential $$ u_t-u_{xx}-\fracμ{x^2}u=0,\;\;\; (x,t)\in(0,1)\times(0,T).$$ For any $μ<1/4$, we prove that the equation is null controllable through a boundary control $f\in H^1(0,T)$ acting at the singularity point $x=0$. This result is obtained employing the moment method by Fattorini and Russell.
The purpose of this paper is to study the validity of global-in-time Strichartz estimates for the Schrödinger equation on $\mathbb{R}^n$, $n\ge3$, with the negative inverse-square potential $-σ|x|^{-2}$ in the critical case $σ=(n-2)^2/4$. It turns out that the situation is different from the subcritical case $σ<(n-2)^2/4$ in which the full range of Strichartz estimates is known to be hold. More precisely, splitting the solution into the radial and non-radial parts, we show that (i) the radial part satisfies a weak-type endpoint estimate, which can be regarded as an extension to higher dimensio…
In this paper, we establish the soliton resolution for the energy critical wave equation with inverse square potential in the radial case and in all dimensions $N\geq3$. The structure of the radial linear operator $\mathcal{L}_a :=-Δ+\frac{a}{|x|^2}=A^*A$, is essential for the channel of energy, where $A$ is a first order differential operator and $A^*$ is its adjoint operator. Modulation and analysis of the multi-solitons are performed in the function spaces $\dot{H}^1_a(\Bbb R^N)\times L^2(\Bbb R^N)$ associated with $\mathcal{L}_a$.
We first establish the presence of a diffractive front in the fundamental solution of the wave operator with a diract delta intial condition in two dimensional euclidean space caused by the potentials perturbation on the spherical laplacian. This motivates a result which restricts the propagation of singularities for the wave operator with a more general potential to precisely these diffractive fronts higher dimensional euclidean spaces. This is proven using microlocal energy estimates.
We study the existence of solutions of the following nonlinear Schrödinger equation \begin{equation*} -Δu + \Big(V(x)-\fracμ{|x|^2}\Big) u = f(x,u) \hbox{ for } x\in\mathbb{R}^N\setminus\{0\}, \end{equation*} where $V:\mathbb{R}^N\to\mathbb{R}$ and $f:\mathrm{R}^N\times\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$ are periodic in $x\in\mathbb{R}$. We assume that $0$ does not lie in the spectrum of $-Δ+V$ and $μ<\frac{(N-2)^2}{4}$, $N\geq 3$. The superlinear and subcritical term $f$ satisfies a weak monotonicity condition. For sufficiently small $μ\geq 0$ we find a ground state solution as a minimizer of the energy…
In this paper we prove the existence of orbitally stable standing waves for the critical Schrödinger operator, involving potential of the form $\left(\frac{N-2}{2}\right)^2|x|^{-2}$. The approach, being purely variational, is based on the precompactness of any minimizing sequence with respect to the associated energy. Moreover, we discuss the case of the presence of a Hardy energy term, in conjunction with the behavior of the standing waves at the singularity.
We study inhomogeneous heat equation with inverse square potential, namely, \[\partial_tu + \mathcal{L}_a u= \pm |\cdot|^{-b} |u|^αu,\] where $\mathcal{L}_a=-Δ+ a |x|^{-2}.$ We establish some fixed-time decay estimate for $e^{-t\mathcal{L}_a}$ associated with inhomogeneous nonlinearity $|\cdot|^{-b}$ in Lebesgue spaces. We then develop local theory in $L^q-$ scaling critical and super-critical regime and small data global well-posedness in critical Lebegue spaces. We further study asymptotic behaviour of global solutions by using self-similar solutions, provided the initial data satisfies cert…
In this paper, we study the semilinear wave equations with the inverse-square potential. By transferring the original equation to a "fractional dimensional" wave equation and analyzing the properties of its fundamental solution, we establish a long-time existence result, for sufficiently small, spherically symmetric initial data. Together with the previously known blow-up result, we determine the critical exponent which divides the global existence and finite time blow-up. Moreover, the sharp lower bounds of the lifespan are obtained, except for certain borderline case. In addition, our techno…
We consider the following nonlinear Schrödinger equation with an inverse potential: \[ i\frac{\partial u}{\partial t}+Δu+|u|^{\frac{4}{N}}u\pm\frac{1}{|x|^{2σ}}u=0 \] in $\mathbb{R}^N$. From the classical argument, the solution with subcritical mass ($\|u\|_2<\|Q\|_2$) is global and bounded in $H^1(\mathbb{R}^N)$. Here, $Q$ is the ground state of the mass-critical problem. Therefore, we are interested in the existence and behaviour of blow-up solutions for the threshold ($\left\|u_0\right\|_2=\left\|Q\right\|_2$). Previous studies investigate the existence and behaviour of the critical-mass bl…
We study positivity, localization of binding and essential self-adjointness properties of a class of Schroedinger operators with many anisotropic inverse square singularities, including the case of multiple dipole potentials.
Positivity, essential self-adjointness, and spectral properties of a class of Schroedinger operators with multipolar inverse-square potentials are discussed. In particular a necessary and sufficient condition on the masses of singularities for the existence of at least a configuration of poles ensuring the positivity of the associated quadratic form is established.
