A basilar property and a useful tool in the theory of Sobolev spaces is the density of smooth compactly supported functions in the space $W^{k,p}(\R^n)$ (i.e. the functions with weak derivatives of orders $0$ to $k$ in $L^p$). On Riemannian manifolds, it is well known that the same property remains valid under suitable geometric assumptions. However, on a complete non-compact manifold it can fail to be true in general, as we prove in this paper. This settles an open problem raised for instance by E. Hebey [\textit{Nonlinear analysis on manifolds: Sobolev spaces and inequalities}, Courant Lecture Notes in Mathematics, vol. 5, 1999, pp. 48-49].
We describe some sufficient conditions, under which smooth and compactly supported functions are or are not dense in the fractional Sobolev space $W^{s,p}(Ω)$ for an open, bounded set $Ω\subset\mathbb{R}^{d}$. The density property is closely related to the lower and upper Assouad codimension of the boundary of $Ω$. We also describe explicitly the closure of $C_{c}^{\infty}(Ω)$ in $W^{s,p}(Ω)$ under some mild assumptions about the geometry of $Ω$. Finally, we prove a variant of a fractional order Hardy inequality.
We show that the Gabor wave front set of a compactly supported distribution equals zero times the projection on the second variable of the classical wave front set.
We describe a method to construct smooth and compactly supported solutions of 3D incompressible Euler equations and related models. The method is based on localizable Grad-Shafranov equations and is inspired by the recent result \cite{gav}.
This paper studies initial value problems for semilinear wave equations with spatial weights in one space dimension. The lifespan estimates of classical solutions for compactly supported data are established in all the cases of polynomial weights. The results are classified into two cases according to the total integral of the initial speed.
We consider the unique recovery of a non compactly supported and non periodic perturbation of a Schrödinger operator in an unbounded cylindrical domain, also called waveguide, from boundary measurements. More precisely, we prove recovery of general class of electric potentials from the partial Dirichlet-to-Neumann map, where the Dirichlet data is supported on slightly more than half of the boundary and the Neumann data is taken on the other half of the boundary. We apply this result in different context including recovery of some general class of coefficients from measurements on a bounded sub…
We find the necessary and sufficient conditions on the Fourier coefficients of a function $g$ on the torus to be in the range of the $X$-ray transform of a symmetric tensor of compact support in the plane.
In this paper, we prove the existence of locally non-radial solutions to the stationary 2D Euler equations with compact support but non-concentrated around one or several points. Our solutions are of patch type, have analytic boundary, finite energy and sign-changing vorticity and are new to the best of our knowledge. The proof relies on a new observation that finite energy, stationary solutions with simply-connected vorticity have compactly supported velocity, and an application of the Nash-Moser iteration procedure.
We are interested in the cubic Dirac equation in two space dimensions. We establish the small data global existence and sharp pointwise decay results for general cubic nonlinearities without additional structure. We also prove the scattering of the Dirac equation for certain classes of nonlinearities. In all the above results we do not require the initial data to have compact support.
We discuss the existence and non-existence of periodic in one variable and compactly supported in the other variables least energy solutions for equations with non-Lipschitz nonlinearity of the form: $-Δu=λu^p - u^q$ in $\mathbb{R}^{N+1}$, where $ 0< q < p \leq 1$, $λ\in \mathbb{R}$. The approach is based on the Nehari manifold method supplemented by a one-sided constraint given through the functional of the suitable Pohozaev identity. The limit value of the parameter $λ$, where the approach is applicable, corresponds to the existence of periodic in one variable and compactly supported in the …
In this note, we consider the wave operator $\square_g$ in the case of globally hyperbolic, compactly supported perturbations of static spacetimes. We give an elementary proof of the essential self-adjointness of $\square_g$ and of uniform microlocal estimates for the resolvent in this setting. This provides a model for studying Lorentzian spectral zeta functions which is particularly simple, yet sufficiently general for locally deriving Einstein equations from a spectral Lagrangian.
In this work we prove that the time-fractional porous medium equation on the half-line with Dirichlet boundary condition has a unique compactly supported solution. The approach we make is based on a transformation of the fractional integro-differential equation into a nonlinear Volterra integral equation. Then, the shooting method is applied in order to facilitate the analysis of the free-boundary problem. We further show that there exists an exactly one choice of initial conditions for which the solution has a zero which guarantees the no-flux condition. Then, our previous considerations impl…
We give an elementary proof of a weighted resolvent estimate for semiclassical Schrödinger operators in dimension $n \ge 1$. We require the potential belong to $L^\infty(\mathbb{R}^n)$ and have compact support, but do not require that it have derivatives in $L^\infty(\mathbb{R}^n)$. The weighted resolvent norm is bounded by $e^{Ch^{-4/3}\log(h^{-1})}$, where $h$ is the semiclassical parameter.
We prove linear in time filamentation for perturbations of the Lamb dipole, which is a traveling wave solution to the incompressible Euler equations in $\mathbb{R}^2$. The main ingredient is a recent nonlinear orbital stability result by Abe-Choi. As a consequence, we obtain linear in time growth for the vorticity gradient for all times, for certain smooth and compactly supported initial vorticity in $\mathbb{R}^2$. The construction carries over to some generalized SQG equations.
We first show the existence of unique global minimizer of the free energy for all masses associated to a nonlinear diffusion version of the classical Keller-Segel model when the diffusion dominates over the attractive force of the chemoattractant. The strategy uses an approximation of the variational problem in the whole space by the minimization problem posed on bounded balls with large radii. We show that all stationary states in a wide class coincide up to translations with the unique compactly supported radially decreasing and smooth inside its support global minimizer of the free energy. …
We study the stability issue for the inverse problem of determining a coefficient appearing in a Schrödinger equation defined on an infinite cylindrical waveguide. More precisely, we prove the stable recovery of some general class of non-compactly and non periodic coefficients appearing in an unbounded cylindrical domain. We consider both results of stability from full and partial boundary measurements associated with the so called Dirichlet-to-Neumann map. To the best of our knowledge, our results are the first results of stable recovery of such class of coefficients for an elliptic equation …
In this paper we study global nonlinear stability for a system of semilinear wave and Klein-Gordon equations with quadratic nonlinearities. We consider nonlinearities of the type of wave-Klein-Gordon interactions where there are no derivatives on the wave component. The initial data are assumed to have a suitable polynomial decay at infinity, but are not necessarily compactly supported. We prove small data global existence, sharp pointwise decay estimates and linear scattering results for the solutions. We give a sufficient condition which combines the Sobolev norms of the nonlinearities on fl…
We consider the inverse problem of determining an electromagnetic potential appearing in an infinite cylindrical domain from boundary measurements. More precisely, we prove the stable recovery of some general class of magnetic field and electric potential from boundary measurements. Assuming some knowledge of the unknown coefficients close to the boundary, we obtain also some results of stable recovery with measurements restricted to some portion of the boundary. Our approach combines construction of complex geometric optics solutions and Carleman estimates suitably designed for our stability …
In a recent article Jia established linear inviscid damping in Gevrey regularity for compactly supported Gevrey regular shear flows in a finite channel, which is of great interest in view of existing nonlinear results. In this article we provide an alternative very short proof of stability in Gevrey regularity as a consequence of stability in high Sobolev regularity. Here, we consider both the setting of a finite channel with compactly supported perturbations and of an infinite channel without this restriction. Furthermore, we consider the setting where perturbations vanish only of finite orde…
We study the stationary Navier--Stokes equations in the whole plane with a compactly supported force term and with a prescribed constant spatial limit. Prior to this work, existence of solutions to this problem was only known under special symmetry and smallness assumptions. In the paper we solve the key difficulties in applying Leray's {\it invading domains method} and, as a consequence, prove the existence of $D$-solutions in the whole plane for arbitrary compactly supported force. The boundary condition at infinity are verified in two different scenarios: (I) the~limiting velocity is suffic…
We investigate the form of the closure of the smooth, compactly supported functions $C_{c}^{\infty}(Ω)$ in the weighted fractional Sobolev space $W^{s,p;\,w,v}(Ω)$ for bounded $Ω$. We focus on the weights $w,\,v$ being powers of the distance to the boundary of the domain. Our results depend on the lower and upper Assouad codimension of the boundary of $Ω$. For such weights we also prove the comparability between the full weighted fractional Gagliardo seminorm and the truncated one.
A proof that strong solutions of the Dullin-Gottwald-Holm equation vanishing on an open set of the (1+1) space-time are identically zero is presented. In order to do it, we use a geometrical approach based on the conserved quantities of the equation to prove a unique continuation result for its solutions. We show that this idea can be applied to a large class of equations of the Camassa-Holm type.
Compactly Supported Solutions near a Nehari Critical Value
Instituto de Matemática Interdisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid（马德里康普顿斯大学交叉数学研究所）；Institute of Mathematics with Computing Centre,Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences（俄罗斯科学院乌法联邦研究中心数学与计算中心研究所）
Existence of nonnegative energy-dissipating solutions to a class of stochastic thin-film equations under weak slippage: Part II -- compactly supported initial data
We study the inverse problem of determining a magnetic Schrödinger operator in an unbounded closed waveguide from boundary measurements. We consider this problem with a general closed waveguide in the sense that we only require our unbounded domain to be contained into an infinite cylinder. In this context we prove the unique recovery of the magnetic field and the electric potential associated with general bounded and non-compactly supported electromagnetic potentials. By assuming that the electromagnetic potentials are known on the neighborhood of the boundary outside a compact set, we even p…
In this paper we prove new embedding results for compactly supported deformations of $CR$ submanifolds of $\mathbb{C}^{n+d}$: We show that if $M$ is a $2$-pseudoconcave $CR$ submanifold of type $(n,d)$ in $\mathbb{C}^{n+d}$, then any compactly supported $CR$ deformation stays in the space of globally $CR$ embeddable in $\mathbb{C}^{n+d}$ manifolds. This improves an earlier result, where $M$ was assumed to be a quadratic $2$-pseudoconcave $CR$ submanifold of $\mathbb{C}^{n+d}$. We also give examples of weakly $2$-pseudoconcave $CR$ manifolds admitting compactly supported $CR$ deformations that …
We consider the incompressible Euler equations in the half cylinder $ \mathbb{R}_{>0}\times\mathbb{T}$. In this domain, any vorticity which is independent of $x_2$ defines a stationary solution. We prove that such a stationary solution is nonlinearly stable in a weighted $L^{1}$ norm involving the horizontal impulse, if the vorticity is non-negative and non-increasing in $x_1$. This includes stability of cylindrical patches $\{x_{1}<α\},\; α>0$. The stability result is based on the fact that such a profile is the unique minimizer of the horizontal impulse among all functions with the same dist…
We propose a probabilistic representation of the ground states of massive and massless Schrödinger operators with a potential well in which the behaviour inside the well is described in terms of the moment generating function of the first exit time from the well, and the outside behaviour in terms of the Laplace transform of the first entrance time into the well. This allows an analysis of their behaviour at short to mid-range from the origin. In a first part we derive precise estimates on these two functionals for stable and relativistic stable processes. Next, by combining scaling properties…
We study the asymptotic behavior of the viscosity solutions $u^λ_G$ of the Hamilton-Jacobi (HJ) equation \begin{equation*} λu(x)+G(x,u')=c(G)\qquad\hbox{in $\mathbb{R}$} \end{equation*} as the positive discount factor $λ$ tends to 0, where $G(x,p):=H(x,p)-V(x)$ is the perturbation of a Hamiltonian $H\in C({\mathbb R}\times{\mathbb R})$, ${\mathbb Z}$-periodic in the space variable and convex and coercive in the momentum, by a compactly supported potential $V\in {C}_c({\mathbb R})$. The constant $c(G)$ appearing above is defined as the infimum of values $a\in {\mathbb R}$ for which the HJ equat…
We prove the global asymptotic stability of the Minkowski space for the massless Einstein-Vlasov system in wave coordinates. In contrast with previous work on the subject, no compact support assumptions on the initial data of the Vlasov field in space or the momentum variables are required. In fact, the initial decay in $v$ is optimal. The present proof is based on vector field and weighted vector field techniques for Vlasov fields, as developed in previous work of Fajman, Joudioux, and Smulevici, and heavily relies on several structural properties of the massless Vlasov equation, similar to t…
This paper considers solutions $u_α$ of the three-dimensional Navier--Stokes equations on the periodic domains $Q_α:=(-α,α)^3$ as the domain size $α\to\infty$, and compares them to solutions of the same equations on the whole space. For compactly-supported initial data $u_α^0\in H^1(Q_α)$, an appropriate extension of $u_α$ converges to a solution $u$ of the equations on ${\mathbb R}^3$, strongly in $L^r(0,T;H^1({\mathbb R}^3))$, $r\in[1,\infty)$. The same also holds when $u_α^0$ is the velocity corresponding to a fixed, compactly-supported vorticity. A consequence is that if an initial compact…
The Wave Equation in a General Spherically Symmetric Black Hole Geometry
本文研究了一类球对称黑洞几何中波动方程的Cauchy问题。在远场衰减和奇异性的适当条件下，证明了具有远离视界紧支撑的波动方程的Cauchy问题存在唯一的全局光滑解，且该解在所有时间和\emph{decays in $L^{\infty}_{\text{loc}}$ as $t$ tends to infinity}上都是紧支撑的.作为推论，我们得到了在SU（2）Einstein/Yang-Mills方程黑洞解的几何中，具有紧支初始数据的波动方程的解随着$t$趋于无穷而衰减.
We show that in 3-dimensional ideal magnetohydrodynamics there exist infinitely many bounded solutions that are compactly supported in space-time and have non-trivial velocity and magnetic fields. The solutions violate conservation of total energy and cross helicity, but preserve magnetic helicity. For the 2-dimensional case we show that, in contrast, no nontrivial compactly supported solutions exist in the energy space.
