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太阳黑子奇偶周纬度分布及演化的比较

Comparison of Latitude Distribution and Evolution of Even and Odd Sunspot Cycles

Jouni J. Takalo

备注：
11 pages, 5 figures
发表信息：
Sol Phys 295, 49 (2020)
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摘要：

本文研究了太阳活动第12周至第23周（SC 12-SC 23）太阳黑子面积的纬向分布和演化，以及太阳活动第8周至第23周（SC 8-SC 23）太阳黑子群的纬向分布和演化。莱斯分布是最适合的函数的偶数和奇数太阳黑子群的纬度发生。偶数北/南蝶翼黑子的平均值和方差分别为14.94/14.76和58.62/56.08，奇数北/南蝶翼黑子的平均值和方差分别为15.52/15.58和61.77/58.00。因此，偶数周期翼的太阳黑子群的平均纬度略低于奇数周期翼的太阳黑子群，即，对于北半球的翅膀大约0.6度，对于南半球的翅膀大约0.8度。对SC 12-SC 23之间太阳黑子面积的空间分析表明，对于奇数和偶数周期以及两个半球，小太阳黑子比大太阳黑子位于太阳纬度较低的位置。太阳黑子面积的时间演变表明，四年后（确切地说是4.2-4.5年）缺乏大的太阳黑子，即，循环开始后约40%，尤其是偶数循环。这与格涅维舍夫间隙有关，并且发生在太阳黑子平均纬度演变跨越约15度的时候。然而，偶数周期的差距比奇数周期更明显。格涅维雪夫间隙将太阳黑子周期分为两个不同的部分：太阳黑子周期的上升阶段/周期最大值和下降阶段。

英文摘要：

We study the latitudinal distribution and evolution of sunspot areas from Solar Cycle 12 to Solar Cycle 23 (SC12-SC23) and sunspot-groups of from Solar Cycle 8 to Solar Cycle 23 (SC8-SC23) for even and odd cycles. The Rician distribution is the best-fit function for both even and odd sunspots group latitudinal occurrence. The mean and variance for even northern/southern butterfly wing sunspots are 14.94/14.76 and 58.62/56.08, respectively, and the mean and variance for odd northern/southern wing sunspots are 15.52/15.58 and 61.77/58.00, respectively. Sunspot groups of even cycle wings are thus at somewhat lower latitudes on the average than sunspot groups of the odd cycle wings, i.e., about 0.6 degrees for northern hemisphere wings and 0.8 degrees for southern hemisphere wings. The spatial analysis of sunspot areas between SC12-SC23 shows that the small sunspots are at lower solar latitudes of the sun than the large sunspots for both odd and even cycles, and also for both hemispheres. Temporal evolution of sunspot areas shows a lack of large sunspots after four years (exactly between 4.2-4.5 years), i.e., about 40\% after the start of the cycle, especially for even cycles. This is related to the Gnevyshev gap and is occurring at the time when the evolution of the average sunspot latitudes cross about 15 degrees. The gap is, however, clearer for even cycles than odd ones. Gnevyshev gap divides the cycle into two disparate parts: the ascending phase/cycle maximum and the declining phase of the sunspot cycle.

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