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arXiv 1003.2533astro-ph.SR
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太阳发电机和地磁活动

Solar dynamo and geomagnetic activity

Katya Georgieva, Boian Kirov

摘要:

在11年太阳活动周期中,地磁活动与太阳黑子数之间的相关性表现出长期的变化,这是由于与太阳黑子相关的地磁活动和与太阳黑子无关的地磁活动之间的时滞不同,以及各自地磁活动峰值的相对幅度不同。由于太阳黑子相关和非太阳黑子相关的地磁活动是由不同的太阳代理人,有关的太阳环向场和极向场,分别,我们使用它们的变化来推导太阳发电机的参数转换极向场到环向场和回来。我们发现,在过去的12个周期的太阳表面纬向环流变化之间的5和20米/秒(平均在纬度和整个太阳黑子周期),深环流变化之间的2.5和5.5米/秒,和扩散率在整个对流区是~10**8米2/秒。在过去的12个周期中,太阳发电机一直在对流区的大部分区域中以中等扩散为主的状态运行。这意味着在地表产生的极向场的一部分被纬向环流平流输送到两极,向下到达速跃层和赤道到太阳黑子纬度,而另一部分则直接扩散到中纬度的速跃层,使纬向环流“短路”。太阳黑子极大值是由这两部分极向场产生的两个环向场浪涌的叠加,这是对黑子极大值双峰和格涅维雪夫间隙的解释。在速跃层附近,发电机一直运行在扩散主导的制度中,扩散比平流更重要,所以随着深环流速度的增加,极向场扩散衰减的时间减少,产生更多的环向场,导致更高的太阳黑子最大值。在蒙德极小期的发电机运行在平流为主的制度附近的速跃层,从扩散为主的过渡到平流为主的制度所造成的急剧下降的表面纬向环流,这是一般的最重要的因素调制的振幅的太阳黑子周期。

英文摘要:

The correlation between geomagnetic activity and the sunspot number in the 11-year solar cycle exhibits long-term variations due to the varying time lag between the sunspot-related and non-sunspot related geomagnetic activity, and the varying relative amplitude of the respective geomagnetic activity peaks. As the sunspot-related and non-sunspot related geomagnetic activity are caused by different solar agents, related to the solar toroidal and poloidal fields, respectively, we use their variations to derive the parameters of the solar dynamo transforming the poloidal field into toroidal field and back. We find that in the last 12 cycles the solar surface meridional circulation varied between 5 and 20 m/s (averaged over latitude and over the sunspot cycle), the deep circulation varied between 2.5 and 5.5 m/s, and the diffusivity in the whole of the convection zone was ~10**8 m2/s. In the last 12 cycles solar dynamo has been operating in moderately diffusion dominated regime in the bulk of the convection zone. This means that a part of the poloidal field generated at the surface is advected by the meridional circulation all the way to the poles, down to the tachocline and equatorward to sunspot latitudes, while another part is diffused directly to the tachocline at midlatitudes, "short-circuiting" the meridional circulation. The sunspot maximum is the superposition of the two surges of toroidal field generated by these two parts of the poloidal field, which is the explanation of the double peaks and the Gnevyshev gap in sunspot maximum. Near the tachocline, dynamo has been operating in diffusion dominated regime in which diffusion is more important than advection, so with increasing speed of the deep circulation the time for diffusive decay of the poloidal field decreases, and more toroidal field is generated leading to a higher sunspot maximum. During the Maunder minimum the dynamo was operating in advection dominated regime near the tachocline, with the transition from diffusion dominated to advection dominated regime caused by a sharp drop in the surface meridional circulation which is in general the most important factor modulating the amplitude of the sunspot cycle.

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