arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2001.02677physics.soc-ph
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不确定条件下的公共产品合作

Cooperation for public goods under uncertainty

Jeroen Bruggeman, Rudolf Sprik

摘要:

每个人都想要清洁的空气、和平和其他公共产品,但又想搭别人的便车。摆脱这种困境的通常方法是强加规范,维护声誉并激励个人做出贡献。然而,在高度不确定的情况下,例如抗议者与独裁政权的对抗,通常的措施是不可行的,但合作是可以实现的。我们使用了一个伊辛模型与非对称自旋,代表合作和背叛,以数字显示如何实现公共产品。在不确定的情况下,人们使用从众的启发式。对抗的混乱会导致一些人意外地合作,在混乱的关键水平上,他们需要级联的合作。这个临界水平在小型网络中要低得多。

英文摘要:

Everyone wants clean air, peace and other public goods but is tempted to freeride on others' efforts. The usual way out of this dilemma is to impose norms, maintain reputations and incentivize individuals to contribute. In situations of high uncertainty, however, such as confrontations of protesters with a dictatorial regime, the usual measures are not feasible, but cooperation can be achieved nevertheless. We use an Ising model with asymmetric spins that represent cooperation and defection to show numerically how public goods can be realized. Under uncertainty, people use the heuristic of conformity. The turmoil of a confrontation causes some individuals to cooperate accidentally, and at a critical level of turmoil, they entail a cascade of cooperation. This critical level is much lower in small networks.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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