在公共物品博弈中，建设性智能体抵消了破坏性智能体促进合作的能力
Constructive agents nullify the ability of destructive agents to foster cooperation in public goods games
AI总结：
本文在公共物品博弈中引入同时惠及合作者与背叛者的建设性智能体，利用复制者动力学揭示其收益与破坏性智能体损害的相对大小决定合作能否维持。
摘要：
已有研究揭示了公共物品博弈中的一个悖论现象：同时损害合作者和背叛者的破坏性智能体，竟能出乎意料地促进合作。基于这一有趣的前提，本文提出了一个新概念：建设性智能体，它们同时为合作者和背叛者提供额外收益。我们在公共物品博弈框架下研究了这些智能体对合作动态的影响。采用复制者动力学，我们发现与破坏性智能体不同，仅仅存在建设性智能体并不会显著改变背叛均衡。然而，当建设性智能体带来的收益小于破坏性智能体造成的损害时，加入建设性智能体不会影响破坏性智能体维持合作的能力。在此情形下，合作者可以通过合作者、背叛者与破坏性智能体之间的循环占优得以维持，而建设性智能体虽增加了复杂性，却未从根本上改变均衡。相反，如果建设性智能体带来的收益超过破坏性智能体造成的损害，建设性智能体的存在就会抵消破坏性智能体促进合作的能力。我们的结果凸显了建设性智能体在合作动态中的微妙作用，强调在鼓励合作时必须审慎评估激励平衡。
英文摘要：
Existing studies have revealed a paradoxical phenomenon in public goods games, wherein destructive agents, harming both cooperators and defectors, can unexpectedly bolster cooperation. Building upon this intriguing premise, our paper introduces a novel concept: constructive agents, which confer additional benefits to both cooperators and defectors. We investigate the impact of these agents on cooperation dynamics within the framework of public goods games. Employing replicator dynamics, we find that unlike destructive agents, the mere presence of constructive agents does not significantly alter the defective equilibrium. However, when the benefits from constructive agents are outweighed by the damage inflicted by destructive agents, the addition of constructive agents does not affect the ability of destructive agents to sustain cooperation. In this scenario, cooperators can be maintained through a cyclic dominance between cooperators, defectors, and destructive agents, with constructive agents adding complexity but not fundamentally changing the equilibrium. Conversely, if the benefits from constructive agents surpass the harm caused by destructive agents, the presence of constructive agents nullifies the ability of destructive agents to foster cooperation. Our results highlight the nuanced role of constructive agents in cooperation dynamics, emphasizing the necessity of carefully assessing incentive balances when encouraging cooperation.
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