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arXiv 1812.05367physics.soc-ph
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公共产品自发合作

Spontaneous cooperation for public goods

Jeroen Bruggeman, Rudolf Sprik, Rick Quax

摘要:

公益合作造成了一种两难局面,即个人受到诱惑,想搭别人捐款的便车。经典的解决方案包括监控、声誉维护和昂贵的激励措施,但也有一些重要的集体行动只基于简单而廉价的线索,例如计划外的抗议和起义。这可以用伊辛模型来解释,该模型假设处于不确定情况下的个体倾向于服从其网络中的本地多数。在最初的叛逃者中,谣言或对手的挑衅等噪音使他们中的一些人意外地合作。当噪音达到临界水平时,这些合作者会引发一系列的合作。我们发现相变与伊辛模型的非对称性之间存在一个解析关系,它反映了合作与背叛的非对称性。因此,这项研究表明,在原则上,合作的困境可以解决的只是一部分随机噪音,没有理性的决策。

英文摘要:

Cooperation for public goods poses a dilemma, where individuals are tempted to free ride on others' contributions. Classic solutions involve monitoring, reputation maintenance and costly incentives, but there are important collective actions based on simple and cheap cues only, for example unplanned protests and revolts. This can be explained by an Ising model with the assumption that individuals in uncertain situations tend to conform to the local majority in their network. Among initial defectors, noise such as rumors or opponents' provocations causes some of them to cooperate accidentally. At a critical level of noise, these cooperators trigger a cascade of cooperation. We find an analytic relationship between the phase transition and the asymmetry of the Ising model, which in turn reflects the asymmetry of cooperation and defection. This study thereby shows that in principle, the dilemma of cooperation can be solved by nothing more than a portion of random noise, without rational decision making.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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