Yury Belousov, Andrei Malyutin
We show that the proportion of hyperbolic knots among all of the prime knots of $n$ or fewer crossings does not converge to $1$ as $n$ approaches infinity. Moreover, we show that if $K$ is a nontrivial knot then the proportion of satellites of $K$ among all of the prime knots of $n$ or fewer crossings does not converge to $0$ as $n$ approaches infinity.
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Hyperbolic L-space knots not concordant to algebraic knots
构造了不与任何代数纽结线性组合协合的双曲L空间纽结，拓展了纽结协合分类。
In 2010, Turaev introduced knotoids as a variation on knots that replaces the embedding of a circle with the embedding of a closed interval with two endpoints. A variety of knot invariants have been extended to knotoids. Here we provide definitions of hyperbolicity for both spherical and planar knotoids. We prove that the product of hyperbolic spherical knotoids is hyperbolic and the volumes add. We also determine the least volume of a rational spherical knotoid and provide various classes of hyperbolic knotoids. We also include tables of hyperbolic volumes for both spherical and planar knotoi…
For a hyperbolic knot in the 3-sphere, the distance between toroidal surgeries is at most 5, except the figure eight knot. In this paper, we determine all hyperbolic knots that admit two toroidal surgeries with distance 5.
T. Saito and M. Teragaito asked whether Berge knots of type VII are hyperbolic, and showed that some infinite sequences of the knots are hyperbolic. We show that Berge knots of types VII and VIII are hyperbolic except the known sequence of torus knots. We used the Reidemeister torsions. As a result, the Alexander polynomials of them have already shown their hyperbolicities. We also show that the standard parameters identify Berge knots of types VII and VIII, and study what kind of information identify them.
The first examples of totally geodesic Seifert surfaces are constructed for hyperbolic knots and links, including both free and totally knotted surfaces. Then it is proved that two bridge knot complements cannot contain totally geodesic orientable surfaces.
This book is an introduction to hyperbolic geometry in dimension three, and its applications to knot theory and to geometric problems arising in knot theory. It has three parts. The first part covers basic tools in hyperbolic geometry and geometric structures on 3-manifolds. The second part focuses on families of knots and links that have been amenable to study via hyperbolic geometry, particularly twist knots, 2-bridge knots, and alternating knots. It also develops geometric techniques used to study these families, such as angle structures and normal surfaces. The third part gives more detail…
It is conjectured that a hyperbolic knot admits at most three Dehn surgeries which yield closed three manifolds containing incompressible tori. We show that there exist infinitely many hyperbolic knots which attain the conjectural maximum number. Interestingly, those surgeries correspond to consecutive integers.
In 1978, W. Thurston revolutionized low diemsional topology with his work on hyperbolic 3-manifolds. In this paper, we discuss what is currently known about knots in the 3-sphere with hyperbolic complements. Then focus is on geometric invariants coming out of the hyperbolic structures. This is one of a collection of articles to appear in the Handbook of Knot Theory.
A knot in the 3-sphere is called an L--space knot if it admits a nontrivial Dehn surgery yielding an L--space. Like torus knots and Berge knots, many L--space knots admit also a Seifert fibered surgery. We give a concrete example of a hyperbolic, L-space knot which has no exceptional surgeries, in particular, no Seifert fibered surgeries.
We construct a hyperbolic fibered slice knot with right-veering monodromy, giving a negative answer to the question posed by Hubbard-Kawamuro-Kose-Martin-Plamenevskaya-Raoux-Truong-Turner.
We show that every hyperbolic knot complement contains a closed quasi-Fuchsian surface.
We show that on any hyperbolic knot in $S^3$ there is at most one non-integral Dehn surgery which yields a manifold containing an incompressible torus.
We study character varieties of symmetric knots and their reductions mod p. We observe that the varieties present a different behaviour according to whether the knots admit a free or periodic symmetry.
We exhibit an algorithm to determine the bridge number of a hyperbolic knot in the 3-sphere. The proof uses adaptations of almost normal surface theory for compact surfaces with boundary in ideally triangulated knot exteriors.
Hyperbolic knots with a large toroidal surgery
本文构造了无限族双曲纽结，其例外手术产生含五个互不相交非平行不可压缩环面的图流形。
We extend the Neumann's methods and give the explicit formulae for the volume and the Chern-Simons invariant for hyperbolic alternating knot orbifolds.
For a hyperbolic knot in the 3-sphere, at most finitely many Dehn surgeries yield non-hyperbolic 3-manifolds. As a typical case of such an exceptional surgery, a toroidal surgery is one that yields a closed 3-manifold containing an incompressible torus. The slope corresponding to a toroidal surgery, called a toroidal slope, is known to be integral or half-integral. We show that the distance between two integral toroidal slopes for a hyperbolic knot, except the figure-eight knot, is at most four. Hence any hyperbolic knot admits at most 5 toroidal surgeries.
On asymmetric hyperbolic L-space knots of braid index four
本文推广了已知唯一的辫指数4的非对称L空间纽结t12533，构造出辫指数4的非对称双曲L空间纽结的第一个无限族。
We show the existence of an infinite collection of hyperbolic knots where each of which has in its exterior meridional essential planar surfaces of arbitrarily large number of boundary components, or, equivalently, that each of these knots has essential tangle decompositions of arbitrarily large number of strings. Moreover, each of these knots has in its exterior meridional essential surfaces of any positive genus and (even) number of boundary components. That is, the compact surfaces that have a meridional essential embedding into a hyperbolic knot exterior have meridional essential embedding…
Hyperbolic small knots in spherical manifolds
针对Lopez关于闭不可约非Haken 3-流形包含小结的猜想，本文构造了除棱镜流形外大多数闭可定向球面3-流形中双曲小结的显式例子。
We deduce from a rooted tree in the disk a slalom divide and a slalom knot. A slalom knot is either the local link of a simple plane curve singularity of type A_2n, E_6, E_8 or a fibered hyperbolic knot with very special monodromy.
In this note, we show that if there is a knot in $S^3$ having $\mathbb{Z}_m$ torsion in its Khovanov homology, then there are infinitely many hyperbolic knots and infinitely many prime satellite knots having $\mathbb{Z}_m$ torsion in their Khovanov homology. As an application, we give the first known examples of hyperbolic knots and links with odd (and other non-$\mathbb{Z}_2$ torsion) in their Khovanov homology.
A well-known conjecture in knot theory says that the percentage of hyperbolic knots amongst all of the prime knots of $n$ or fewer crossings approaches $100$ as $n$ approaches infinity. In this paper, it is proved that this conjecture contradicts several other plausible conjectures, including the 120-year-old conjecture on additivity of the crossing number of knots under connected sum and the conjecture that the crossing number of a satellite knot is not less than that of its companion.
We complete the classification of hyperbolic pretzel knots admitting Seifert fibered surgeries. This is the final step in understanding all exceptional surgeries on hyperbolic pretzel knots. We also present results toward similar classifications for non-pretzel Montesinos knots of length three.
We calculate the Chern-Simons invariants of the hyperbolic double twist knot orbifolds using the Schläfli formula for the generalized Chern-Simons function on the family of cone-manifold structures of double twist knots.
Given a hyperbolic knot, we prove that the Reidemeister torsion of any lift of the holonomy to SL(2,C) is invariant under mutation along a Conway sphere.
We give some conditions on positive braids with at least two full twists that ensure their closure is a hyperbolic knot, with applications to the geometric classification of T-links, arising from dynamics, and twisted torus knots.
We identify all hyperbolic knots whose complements are in the census of orientable one-cusped hyperbolic manifolds with eight ideal tetrahedra. We also compute their Jones polynomials.
Non-braid positive hyperbolic $L$-space knots
本文研究非辫正超流体L-空间结，构造了无限多个此类结，证明其非辫正性，与Baker和Kegel的例子不同。
For a knot in the 3-sphere, the Upsilon invariant is a piecewise linear function defined on the interval [0,2]. For an L-space knot, the Upsilon invariant is determined only by the Alexander polynomial of the knot. We exhibit infinitely many pairs of hyperbolic L-space knots such that two knots of each pair have distinct Alexander polynomials, so they are not concordant, but share the same Upsilon invariant. Conversely, we examine the restorability of the Alexander polynomial of an L-space knot from the Upsilon invariant through the Legendre-Fenchel transformation.
A slope $p/q$ is a characterising slope for a knot $K$ in $S^3$ if the oriented homeomorphism type of $p/q$-surgery on $K$ determines $K$ uniquely. We show that when $K$ is a hyperbolic knot its set of characterising slopes contains all but finitely many slopes $p/q$ with $q \geq 3$. We prove stronger results for hyperbolic $L$-space knots, showing that all but finitely many non-integer slopes are characterising. The proof is obtained by combining Lackenby's proof that for a hyperbolic knot any slope $p/q$ with $q$ sufficiently large is characterising with genus bounds derived from Heegaard Fl…
A non-trivial slope $r$ on a knot $K$ in $S^3$ is called a characterizing slope if whenever the result of $r$-surgery on a knot $K'$ is orientation preservingly homeomorphic to the result of $r$-surgery on $K$, then $K'$ is isotopic to $K$. Ni and Zhang ask: for any hyperbolic knot $K$, is a slope $r = p/q$ with $|p| + |q|$ sufficiently large a characterizing slope? In this article we answer this question in the negative by demonstrating that there is a hyperbolic knot $K$ in $S^3$ which has infinitely many non-characterizing slopes. As the simplest known example, the hyperbolic knot $8_6$ has…
We explain how to construct certain potential functions for the hyperbolic structures of a knot complement, which are closely related to the analytic functions on the deformation space of hyperbolic structures.
Recently Kearton showed that any Seifert matrix of a knot is S--equivalent to the Seifert matrix of a prime knot. We show in this note that such a matrix is in fact S--equivalent to the Seifert matrix of a hyperbolic knot. This result follows from reinterpreting this problem in terms of Blanchfield pairings and by applying results of Kawauchi.
We show that the figure eight knot complement admits a uniformizable spherical CR structure, i.e. it occurs as the manifold at infinity of a complex hyperbolic orbifold. The uniformization is unique provided we require the peripheral subgroups to have unipotent holonomy.
We establish a pair of criteria for proving that most knot complements obtained as Dehn fillings of a given two-component hyperbolic link complement lack hidden symmetries. To do this, we use certain rational functions on varieties associated to the link. We apply our criteria to show that among certain infinite families of knot complements, all but finitely many members lack hidden symmetries.
On hyperbolic L-space knots with braid index four and tunnel number two
本文首次发现具有四号线性指数和二号线性数的双曲L空间结的无限族，包含t10496和o9_34409。
It is experimentally known that achiral hyperbolic 3-manifolds are quite sporadic at least among those with small volume, while we can find plenty of them as amphicheiral knot complements in the 3-sphere. In this paper, we show that there exist infinitely many achiral 1-cusped hyperbolic 3-manifolds not homeomorphic to any amphicheiral null-homologous knot complement in any closed achiral 3-manifold.
A knot in S^3 is said to have crosscap number two if it bounds a once-punctured Klein bottle but not a Moebius band. In this paper we give a method of constructing crosscap number two hyperbolic (1,2)-knots with tunnel number one which are neither 2-bridge nor (1,1)-knots. An explicit infinite family of such knots is discussed in detail.
Given any knot k, there exists a hyperbolic knot tilde k with arbitrarily large volume such that the knot group pi k is a quotient of pi tilde k by a map that sends meridian to meridian and longitude to longitude. The knot tilde k can be chosen to be ribbon concordant to k and also to have the same Alexander invariant as k.
We show that given n>0, there exists a hyperbolic knot K with trivial Alexander polynomial, trivial finite type invariants of order <=n, and such that the volume of the complement of K is larger than n. This contrasts with the known statement that the volume of the complement of a hyperbolic alternating knot is bounded above by a linear function of the coefficients of the Alexander polynomial of the knot. As a corollary to our main result we obtain that, for every m>0, there exists a sequence of hyperbolic knots with trivial finite type invariants of order <=m but arbitrarily large volume. We …
Which slopes can or cannot appear as Seifert fibered slopes for hyperbolic knots in the 3-sphere S^3? It is conjectured that if r-surgery on a hyperbolic knot in S^3 yields a Seifert fiber space, then r is an integer. We show that for each integer n, there exists a tunnel number one, hyperbolic knot K_n in S^3 such that n-surgery on K_n produces a small Seifert fiber space.
We calculate the volumes of the hyperbolic twist knot cone-manifolds using the Schläfli formula. Even though general ideas for calculating the volumes of cone-manifolds are around, since there is no concrete calculation written, we present here the concrete calculations. We express the length of the singular locus in terms of the distance between the two axes fixed by two generators. In this way the calculation becomes easier than using the singular locus directly. The volumes of the hyperbolic twist knot cone-manifolds simpler than Stevedore's knot are known. As an application, we give the vo…
We consider the existence of simple closed geodesics or "geodesic knots" in finite volume orientable hyperbolic 3-manifolds. Previous results show that at least one geodesic knot always exists [Bull. London Math. Soc. 31(1) (1999) 81-86], and that certain arithmetic manifolds contain infinitely many geodesic knots [J. Diff. Geom. 38 (1993) 545-558], [Experimental Mathematics 10(3) (2001) 419-436]. In this paper we show that all cusped orientable finite volume hyperbolic 3-manifolds contain infinitely many geodesic knots. Our proof is constructive, and the infinite family of geodesic knots prod…
For an L-space knot, the formal semigroup is defined from its Alexander polynomial. It is not necessarily a semigroup. That is, it may not be closed under addition. There exists an infinite family of hyperbolic L-space knots whose formal semigroups are semigroups generated by three elements. In this paper, we give the first infinite family of hyperbolic L-space knots whose formal semigroups are semigroups generated by five elements.
We generalize the results of [AS], finding large classes of totally geodesic Seifert surfaces in hyperbolic knot and link complements, each the lift of a rigid 2-orbifold embedded in some hyperbolic 3-orbifold. In addition, we provide a uniqueness theorem and demonstrate that many knots cannot possess totally geodesic Seifert surfaces by giving bounds on the width invariant in the presence of such a surface. Finally, we utilize these examples to demonstrate that the Six Theorem is sharp for knot complements in the 3-sphere.
TG-Hyperbolicity of Composition of Virtual Knots
本文研究虚拟纽结的复合，证明任意两个双曲虚拟纽结都存在一个双曲复合，并利用原始纽结信息给出复合体积的强下界。
This chapter from the upcoming Handbook of Knot Theory (eds. Menasco and Thistlethwaite) shows how to construct hyperbolic structures on link complements and perform hyperbolic Dehn filling. Along with a new elementary exposition of the standard ideas from Thurston's work, the article includes never-before-published explanations of SnapPea's algorithms for triangulating a link complement efficiently and for converging quickly to the hyperbolic structure while avoiding singularities in the parameter space.
How do Seifert surgeries on hyperbolic knots arise from those on torus knots? We approach this question from a networking viewpoint. The Seifert Surgery Network is a 1-dimensional complex whose vertices correspond to Seifert surgeries; two vertices are connected by an edge if one Seifert surgery is obtained from the other by a single twist along a trivial knot called a seiferter or along an annulus cobounded by seiferters. Successive twists along a "hyperbolic seiferter" or a "hyperbolic annular pair" produce infinitely many Seifert surgeries on hyperbolic knots. In this paper, we investigate …
We present computational data and heuristic arguments which suggest that given a hyperbolic knot the volume correlates with its determinant, the Mahler measure of its Alexander polynomial and the Mahler measure of the twisted Alexander polynomial corresponding to the discrete and faithful SL(2,C)-representation.
We present a statistical approach for the discovery of relationships between mathematical entities that is based on linear regression and deep learning with fully connected artificial neural networks. The strategy is applied to computational knot data and empirical connections between combinatorial and hyperbolic knot invariants are revealed.
We show that a hyperbolic 2-bridge knot complement is the unique knot complement in its commensurability class. We also discuss constructions of commensurable hyperbolic knot complements and put forth a conjecture on the number of hyperbolic knot complements in a commensurability class.
We complete the project begun by Callahan, Dean and Weeks to identify all knots whose complements are in the SnapPea census of hyperbolic manifolds with seven or fewer tetrahedra. Many of these ``simple'' hyperbolic knots have high crossing number. We also compute their Jones polynomials.
In [B90] or an available version [B18], Berge constructed twelve families of primitive/primitve(or simply P/P) knots, which are referred to as the Berge knots. It is proved in [B08] or independently in [G13] that all P/P knots are the Berge knots, which gives the complete classification of P/P knots. However, the hyperbolicity of the Berge knots was undetermined in [B90]. As a natural generalization of P/P knots, Dean introduced primitive/Seifert(or simply P/SF) knots in $S^3$. The classification of hyperbolic P/SF knots has been performed and the complete list of hyperbolic P/SF knots is give…
This paper completes a classification of the types of orientable and non-orientable cusps that can arise in the quotients of hyperbolic knot complements. In particular, $S^2(2,4,4)$ cannot be the cusp cross-section of any orbifold quotient of a hyperbolic knot complement. Furthermore, if a knot complement covers an orbifold with a $S^2(2,3,6)$ cusp, it also covers an orbifold with a $S^2(3,3,3)$ cusp. We end with a discussion that shows all cusp types arise in the quotients of link complements.
In this paper, we conjecture a connection between the $A$-polynomial of a knot in $\mathbb{S}^{3}$ and the hyperbolic volume of its exterior $\mathcal{M}_{K}$ : the knots with zero hyperbolic volume are exactly the knots with an $A$-polynomial where every irreducible factor is the sum of two monomials in $L$ and $M$. Herein, we show the forward implication and examine cases that suggest the converse may also be true. Since the $A$-polynomial of hyperbolic knots are known to have at least one irreducible factor which is not the sum of two monomials in $L$ and $M$, this paper considers satellite…
Characterising slopes for hyperbolic knots and Whitehead doubles
本文研究了双曲结和Whitehead双曲结的特征化斜率条件，结合JSJ分解和测地线长度技术，利用双曲体积不等式对Whitehead双曲结进行细化，并构造了非特征化斜率的双曲结对。
Fibering of double twist knots via the adjoint hyperbolic torsion polynomial
本文针对S³中双曲纽结的伴随双曲挠率多项式，研究双参数双扭结族的该多项式，利用代数整数证明其可确定该纽结族的亏格与纤维化性质。
In this paper, we define the primitive/Seifert-fibered property for a knot in S^3. If satisfied, the property ensures that the knot has a Dehn surgery that yields a small Seifert-fibered space (i.e. base S^2 and three or fewer critical fibers). Next we describe the twisted torus knots, which provide an abundance of examples of primitive/Seifert-fibered knots. By analyzing the twisted torus knots, we prove that nearly all possible triples of multiplicities of the critical fibers arise via Dehn surgery on primitive/Seifert-fibered knots.
For a hyperbolic link complement with a triangulation, there are hyperbolicity equations of the triangulation, which guarantee the hyperbolic structure of the link complement. In this paper, we explain that the number of the essential solutions of the equations is equal to or bigger than the extension degree of the invariant trace field of the link. On the other hand, Yokota suggested a potential function of a hyperbolic knot, which gives the hyperbolicity equations and the complex volume of the knot. Applying the fact above to his theory, we explain that the potential function also gives all …
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