The deformation theory of an algebra is controlled by the Gerstenhaber bracket, a Lie bracket on Hochschild cohomology. We develop techniques for evaluating Gerstenhaber brackets of semidirect product algebras recording actions of finite groups over fields of positive characteristic. The Hochschild cohomology and Gerstenhaber bracket of these skew group algebras can be complicated when the characteristic of the underlying field divides the group order. We show how to investigate Gerstenhaber brackets using twisted product resolutions, which are often smaller and more convenient than the cumbersome bar resolution typically used. These resolutions provide a concrete description of the Gerstenhaber bracket suitable for exploring questions in deformation theory. We demonstrate with the prototypical example of a graded Hecke algebra (rational Cherednik algebra) in positive characteristic.
We show that Hochschild cohomology of an algebra over a field is a space of infinity coderivations on an arbitrary projective bimodule resolution of the algebra. The Gerstenhaber bracket is the graded commutator of infinity coderivations. We thus generalize, to an arbitrary resolution, Stasheff's realization of the Gerstenhaber bracket on Hochschild cohomology as the graded commutator of coderivations on the tensor coalgebra of the algebra.
We construct the Gerstenhaber bracket on Hochschild cohomology of a twisted tensor product of algebras, and, as examples, compute Gerstenhaber brackets for some quantum complete intersections arising in work of Buchweitz, Green, Madsen, and Solberg. We prove that a subalgebra of the Hochschild cohomology ring of a twisted tensor product, on which the twisting is trivial, is isomorphic, as Gerstenhaber algebras, to the tensor product of the respective subalgebras of the Hochschild cohomology rings of the factors.
We calculate the Gerstenhaber bracket on Hopf algebra and Hochschild cohomologies of the Taft algebra $T_p$ for any integer $p>2$ which is a nonquasi-triangular Hopf algebra. We show that the bracket is indeed zero on Hopf algebra cohomology of $T_p$, as in all known quasi-triangular Hopf algebras. This example is the first known bracket computation for a nonquasi-triangular algebra. Also, we find a general formula for the bracket on Hopf algebra cohomology of any Hopf algebra with bijective antipode on the bar resolution that is reminiscent of Gerstenhaber's original formula for Hochschild co…
We prove formulas of different types that allow to calculate the Gerstenhaber bracket on the Hochschild cohomology of an algebra using some arbitrary projective bimodule resolution for it. Using one of these formulas, we give a new short proof of the derived invariance of the Gerstenhaber algebra structure on Hochschild cohomology. Also we give some new formulas for the Connes' differential on the Hochschild homology that lead to formulas for BV differential on the Hochschild cohomology in the case of symmetric algebras. Finally, we use one of the obtained formulas to get a full description of…
We define Gerstenhaber's graded Lie bracket directly on complexes other than the bar complex, under some conditions. The Koszul complex of a Koszul algebra in particular satisfies our conditions. As examples we recover the Schouten-Nijenhuis bracket for a polynomial ring and the Gerstenhaber bracket for a group algebra of a cyclic group of prime order.
We define a cup product on the Hochschild cohomology of an associative conformal algebra $A$, and show the cup product is graded commutative. We define a graded Lie bracket with the degree $-1$ on the Hochschild cohomology $\HH^{\ast}(A)$ of an associative conformal algebra $A$, and show that the Lie bracket together with the cup product is a Gerstenhaber algebra on the Hochschild cohomology of an associative conformal algebra. Moreover, we consider the Hochschild cohomology of split extension conformal algebra $A\hat{\oplus}M$ of $A$ with a conformal bimodule $M$, and show that there exist an…
In this monograph, we extend S. Schwede's exact sequence interpretation of the Gerstenhaber bracket in Hochschild cohomology to certain exact and monoidal categories. Therefore we establish an explicit description of an isomorphism by A. Neeman and V. Retakh, which links $\mathrm{Ext}$-groups with fundamental groups of categories of extensions and relies on expressing the fundamental group of a (small) category by means of the associated Quillen groupoid. As a main result, we show that our construction behaves well with respect to structure preserving functors between exact monoidal categories…
Let K be a skew field, and K_0 be a subfield of the central subfield of K such that K has finite dimension q over K_0. Let V be a K_0-linear subspace of n by n nilpotent matrices with entries in K. We show that the dimension of V is bounded above by q n(n-1)/2, and that equality occurs if and only if V is similar to the space of all n by n strictly upper-triangular matrices over K. This generalizes famous theorems of Gerstenhaber and Serezhkin, which cover the special case K=K_0.
By work of Farinati, Solberg, and Taillefer, it is known that the Hopf algebra cohomology of a quasi-triangular Hopf algebra, as a graded Lie algebra under the Gerstenhaber bracket, is abelian. Motivated by the question of whether this holds for nonquasi-triangular Hopf algebras, we show that Gerstenhaber brackets on Hopf algebra cohomology can be expressed via an arbitrary projective resolution using Volkov's homotopy liftings as generalized to some exact monoidal categories. This is a special case of our more general result that a bracket operation on cohomology is preserved under exact mono…
A hom-associative algebra is an algebra whose associativity is twisted by an algebra homomorphism. In this paper, we define a cup product on the cohomology of a hom-associative algebra. We show that the cup product together with the degree $-1$ graded Lie bracket (which controls the deformation of the hom-associative algebra structure) on the cohomology forms a Gerstenhaber algebra. This generalizes a classical fact that the Hochschild cohomology of an associative algebra carries a Gerstenhaber algebra structure.
We describe the Gerstenhaber algebra structure on the Hochschild cohomology HH*$(A)$ when $A$ is a quadratic string algebra. First we compute the Hochschild cohomology groups using Barzdell's resolution and we describe generators of these groups. Then we construct comparison morphisms between the bar resolution and Bardzell's resolution in order to get formulae for the cup product and the Lie bracket. We find conditions on the bound quiver associated to string algebras in order to get non-trivial structures.
We present the Gerstenhaber algebra structure on the Hochschild cohomology of Koszul algebras defined by quivers and relations using the idea of homotopy liftings. E.L. Green, G. Hartman, E.N. Marcos and O. Solberg provided a canonical way of constructing a minimal projective bimodule resolution of a Koszul quiver algebra. The resolution has a comultiplicative structure which we use to define homotopy lifting maps. We first present a short example that demonstrates the theory. We then study the Gerstenhaber algebra structure on Hochschild cohomology of a family of bound quiver algebras, some m…
Hochschild cohomology governs deformations of algebras, and its graded Lie structure plays a vital role. We study this structure for the Hochschild cohomology of the skew group algebra formed by a finite group acting on an algebra by automorphisms. We examine the Gerstenhaber bracket with a view toward deformations and developing bracket formulas. We then focus on the linear group actions and polynomial algebras that arise in orbifold theory and representation theory; deformations in this context include graded Hecke algebras and symplectic reflection algebras. We give some general results des…
In [1] the author gives a description of Poisson brackets on some algebras of quantum polynomials $\mathcal{O}_q$, which is called\textit{ general algebra of quantum polynomials}. The main of this paper is to present a generalization of [1] through a description of Poisson brackets on some skew PBW extensions of a ring $A$ by the extensions $\mathcal{O}^{r,n}_{q,δ}$, which are a generalization of $\mathcal{O}_q$ and show some examples of skew PBW extension where we can apply this description.
Gerstenhaber type structures on Davydov-Yetter cohomology with coefficients
Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar（印度理工学院甘地纳加尔分校）；Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore（印度科学学院班加罗尔分校）；Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi（印度理工学院德里分校）
For any graded bialgebras $A$ and $B$, we define a commutative graded algebra $A_B$ representing the functor of $B$-representations of $A$. When $A$ is a cocommutative graded Hopf algebra and $B$ is a commutative ungraded Hopf algebra, we introduce a method deriving a Gerstenhaber bracket in $A_B$ from a Fox pairing in $A$ and a balanced biderivation in $B$. Our construction is inspired by Van den Bergh's non-commutative Poisson geometry, and may be viewed as an algebraic generalization of the Atiyah--Bott--Goldman Poisson structures on moduli spaces of representations of surface groups.
The purpose of this paper is to define cohomology structures on Hom-associative algebras and Hom-Lie algebras. The first and second coboundary maps were introduced by Makhlouf and Silvestrov in the study of one-parameter formal deformations theory. Among the relevant formulas for a generalization of Hochschild cohomology for Hom-associative algebras and a Chevalley-Eilenberg cohomology for Hom-Lie algebras, we define Gerstenhaber bracket on the space of multilinear mappings of Hom-associative algebras and Nijenhuis-Richardson bracket on the space of multilinear mappings of Hom-Lie algebras. Al…
We formulate the Gerstenhaber algebra structure of Hochschild cohomology of finite group extensions of some quantum complete intersections. When the group is trivial, this work characterizes the graded Lie brackets on Hochschild cohomology of these quantum complete intersections, previously only known for a few cases. As an example, we compute the algebra structure for two generator quantum complete intersections extended by select groups.
We prove that the Gerstenhaber bracket on the Hochschild cohomology of the group algebra of a cyclic group over a field of positive characteristic is not trivial. In this case, we relate the Lie algebra structure on the odd degrees of the Hochschild cohomology with a Witt-type algebra.
We show that recollements of module categories give rise to homomorphisms between the associated Hochschild cohomology algebras which preserve the strict Gerstenhaber structure, i.e., the cup product, the graded Lie bracket and the squaring map. We review various long exact sequences in Hochschild cohomology and apply our results in order to realise that the occurring maps preserve the strict Gerstenhaber structure as well. As a byproduct, we generalise a known long exact cohomology sequence of Koenig-Nagase to arbitrary surjective homological epimorphisms. We use our observations to motivate …
In this paper, we study the Batalin-Vilkovisky structure on the Hochschild cohomology of quantum zigzag algebras $A_{q}$ of type $\widetilde{\mathbf{A}}_{1}$. We first calculate the dimensions of Hochschild homology groups and Hochschild cohomology groups of $A_{q}$. Based on these computations, we determine the Hochschild cohomology ring of $A_{q}$, and give the Batalin-Vilkovisky operator and the Gerstenhaber bracket on Hochschild cohomology ring of $A_{q}$ explicitly.
We examine PBW deformations of finite group extensions of skew polynomial rings, in particular the quantum Drinfeld orbifold algebras defined by the first author. We give a homological interpretation, in terms of Gerstenhaber brackets, of the necessary and sufficient conditions on parameter functions to define a quantum Drinfeld orbifold algebra, thus clarifying the conditions. In case the acting group is trivial, we determine conditions under which such a PBW deformation is a generalized enveloping algebra of a color Lie algebra; our PBW deformations include these algebras as a special case.
We define Drinfeld orbifold algebras as filtered algebras deforming the skew group algebra (semi-direct product) arising from the action of a finite group on a polynomial ring. They simultaneously generalize Weyl algebras, graded (or Drinfeld) Hecke algebras, rational Cherednik algebras, symplectic reflection algebras, and universal enveloping algebras of Lie algebras with group actions. We give necessary and sufficient conditions on defining parameters to obtain Drinfeld orbifold algebras in two general formats, both algebraic and homological. We explain the connection between Hochschild coho…
Associative Yang-Baxter equation arises in different areas of algebra, e.g., when studying double quadratic Poisson brackets, non-abelian quadratic Poisson brackets, or associative algebras with cyclic 2-cocycle (anti-Frobenius algebras). Precisely, faithful representations of anti-Frobenius algebras (up to isomorphism) are in one-to-one correspondence with skew-symmetric solutions of associative Yang-Baxter equation (up to equivalence). Following the work of Odesskii, Rubtsov and Sokolov and using computer algebra system Sage, we found some constant skew-symmetric solutions of associative Yan…
In this paper we construct a graded Lie algebra on the space of cochains on a $\mathbbZ_2$-graded vector space that are skew-symmetric in the odd variables. The Lie bracket is obtained from the classical Gerstenhaber bracket by (partial) skew-symmetrization; the coboundary operator is a skew-symmetrized version of the Hochschild differential. We show that an order-one element $m$ satisfying the zero-square condition $[m,m]=0$ defines an algebraic structure called "Lie antialgebra". The cohomology (and deformation) theory of these algebras is then defined. We present two examples of non-trivial…
We introduce the notion of a BV-operator $Δ=\{Δ^n:V^n\longrightarrow V^{n-1}\}_{n\geq 0}$ on a homotopy $G$-algebra $V^\bullet$ such that the Gerstenhaber bracket on $H(V^\bullet)$ is determined by $Δ$ in a manner similar to the BV-formalism. As an application, we produce a BV-operator on the cochain complex defining the secondary Hochschild cohomology of a symmetric algebra $A$ over a commutative algebra $B$.
We study the Zariski cancellation problem for Poisson algebras in three variables. In particular, we prove those with Poisson bracket either being quadratic or derived from a Lie algebra are cancellative. We also use various Poisson algebra invariants, including the Poisson Makar-Limanov invariant, the divisor Poisson subalgebra, and the Poisson stratiform length, to study the skew cancellation problem for Poisson algebras.
We show that one can skip the skew-symmetry assumption in the definition of Nambu-Poisson brackets. In other words, a n-ary bracket on the algebra of smooth functions which satisfies the Leibniz rule and a n-ary version of the Jacobi identity must be skew-symmetric. A similar result holds for a non-antisymmetric version of Lie algebroids.
We describe the basic properties of two n-ary algebras, the Generalized Lie Algebras (GLAs) and, particularly, the Filippov (or n-Lie) algebras (FAs), and comment on their n-ary Poisson counterparts, the Generalized Poisson (GP) and Nambu-Poisson (N-P) structures. We describe the Filippov algebra cohomology relevant for the central extensions and infinitesimal deformations of FAs. It is seen that semisimple FAs do not admit central extensions and, moreover, that they are rigid. This extends the familiar Whitehead's lemma to all $n\geq 2$ FAs, n=2 being the standard Lie algebra case. When the n…
The deformation complex of an algebra over a colored PROP P is defined in terms of a minimal (or, more generally, cofibrant) model of P. It is shown that it carries the structure of an L_\infty-algebra which induces a graded Lie bracket on cohomology. As an example, the L_\infty-algebra structure on the deformation complex of an associative algebra morphism g, with the underlying cochain complex isomorphic to the Gerstenhaber-Schack complex of g, is constructed. Another example is the deformation complex of a Lie algebra morphism. The last example is the diagram describing two mutually inverse…
Let $B$ be a Poisson algebra $\Bbb C[x_1,\ldots, x_k]$ with Poisson bracket such that $$\{x_j,x_i\}=c_{ji}x_ix_j+p_{ji}$$ for all $j>i$, where $c_{ji}\in\Bbb C$ and $p_{ji}\in\Bbb C[x_1,\ldots,x_i]$. Here we obtain an iterated skew polynomial algebra such that its semiclassical limit is equal to $B$ and the results are illustrated by examples.
We consider a skew-symmetric $n$-ary bracket on the polynomial algebra $K[x_1,\ldots,x_n,x_{n+1}]$ ($n\geq 2$) over a field $K$ of characteristic zero defined by $\{a_1,\ldots,a_n\}=J(a_1,\ldots,a_n,C)$, where $C$ is a fixed element of $K[x_1,\ldots,x_n,x_{n+1}]$ and $J$ is the Jacobian. If $n=2$ then this bracket is a Poisson bracket and if $n\geq 3$ then it is an $n$-Lie-Poisson bracket on $K[x_1,\ldots,x_n,x_{n+1}]$. We describe the center of the corresponding $n$-Lie-Poisson algebra and show that the quotient algebra $K[x_1,\ldots,x_n,x_{n+1}]/(C-λ)$, where $(C-λ)$ is the ideal generated b…
Axioms of Lie algebroid are discussed in order to review some known aspects for non-experts. In particular, it is shown that a Lie QD-algebroid (i.e. a Lie algebra bracket on the Functions(M)-module F of sections of a vector bundle E over a manifold M which satisfies [X,fY]=f[X,Y]+A(X,f)Y for all X,Y from F, all f from Functions(M), and for certain A(X,f) from Functions(M)) is a Lie algebroid if rank(E)>1, and is a local Lie algebra in the sense of Kirillov if E is a line bundle. Under a weak condition also the skew-symmetry of the bracket is relaxed.
This paper reviews the properties and applications of certain n-ary generalizations of Lie algebras in a self-contained and unified way. These generalizations are algebraic structures in which the two entries Lie bracket has been replaced by a bracket with n entries. Each type of n-ary bracket satisfies a specific characteristic identity which plays the rôle of the Jacobi identity for Lie algebras. Particular attention will be paid to generalized Lie algebras, which are defined by even multibrackets obtained by antisymmetrizing the associative products of its n components and that satisfy the …
We study the problem of the infinitesimal deformations of all real, simple, finite-dimensional Filippov (or n-Lie) algebras, considered as a class of n-Leibniz algebras characterized by having an n-bracket skewsymmetric in its n-1 first arguments. We prove that all n>3 simple finite-dimensional Filippov algebras are rigid as n-Leibniz algebras of this class. This rigidity also holds for the Leibniz deformations of the semisimple n=2 Filippov (i.e., Lie) algebras. The n=3 simple FAs, however, admit a non-trivial one-parameter infinitesimal 3-Leibniz algebra deformation. We also show that the $n…
