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arXiv 1902.10967cond-mat.mtrl-sci
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金属氢液-液相变的有限元模拟

Finite element simulation of the liquid-liquid transition to metallic hydrogen

Matthew Houtput, Jacques Tempere, Isaac F. Silvera

摘要:

高温高压下的氢经历从液态分子相到导电原子态或液态金属氢的相变,有时称为等离子体相变(PPT)。PPT相线是在最近的一项实验中观察到的,该实验研究了在压力范围为$\sim 100 - 170 \text{GPa}$、温度高达$\sim 2000 \text{K}$的金刚石压砧单元中激光脉冲加热的氢。转变的实验特征是(i)负的压力-温度斜率,(ii)加热曲线中的平台,假定与转变的潜热有关,以及(iii)样品的反射率的突然增加。我们提出了一个有限元模拟,准确地考虑到由激光脉冲沉积的热量的位置和时间依赖性。我们计算了加热曲线和样品的反射率和透射率。该模拟证实了所观察到的平台与相变有关,但是我们发现需要大的潜热值,并且可能表明在转变处的动力学比当前模型中考虑的更复杂。最后,实验提出,可以区分由于过渡到金属态或由于关闭的带隙在分子氢的光学性质的变化。

英文摘要:

Hydrogen at high temperature and pressure undergoes a phase transition from a liquid molecular phase to a conductive atomic state, or liquid metallic hydrogen, sometimes referred to as the plasma phase transition (PPT). The PPT phase line was observed in a recent experiment studying laser-pulse heated hydrogen in a diamond anvil cell in the pressure range $\sim 100 - 170 \text{GPa}$ for temperatures up to $\sim 2000 \text{K}$. The experimental signatures of the transition are (i) a negative pressure-temperature slope, (ii) a plateau in the heating curve, assumed to be related to the latent heat of transformation, and (iii) an abrupt increase in the reflectance of the sample. We present a finite element simulation that accurately takes into account the position and time dependence of the heat deposited by the laser pulse. We calculate the heating curves and the sample reflectance and transmittance. This simulation confirms that the observed plateaus are related to the phase transition, however we find that large values of latent heat are needed and may indicate that dynamics at the transition are more complex than considered in current models. Finally, experiments are proposed that can distinguish between a change in optical properties due to a transition to a metallic state or due to closure of the bandgap in molecular hydrogen.

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