金属氢的高温状态方程
High Temperature Equation of State of Metallic Hydrogen
摘要：
对液态金属氢的物态方程进行了数值求解。研究是在这样的温度下进行的，这既符合地球上产生金属氢的实验条件，也符合太阳系巨行星（如木星和土星）核心的条件。假设氢处于原子状态，其所有电子都是集体化的。应用电子与质子相互作用中的微扰理论，确定了金属氢的热力学势。电子子系统被认为是在随机相位近似的交换相互作用和相关的电子在局域场近似。在硬球近似中考虑了质子间的相互作用。计算了金属氢在零阶、二阶和三阶微扰理论项下的热力学特性。三阶项被证明是相当必要的，在适度的高温和密度，虽然它是比二阶项小得多。金属氢的热力学势是密度和温度的单调递增函数。在地球上产生金属氢的条件所特有的温度和压力的压力值与金属氢的发现者报道的相应值高度准确地一致。发现存在金属氢液相的温度和密度范围。
英文摘要：
The equation of state of liquid metallic hydrogen is solved numerically. Investigations are carried out at temperatures, which correspond both to the experimental conditions under which metallic hydrogen is produced on earth and the conditions in the cores of giant planets of the solar system such as Jupiter and Saturn. It is assumed that hydrogen is in an atomic state and all its electrons are collectivized. Perturbation theory in the electron and proton interaction is applied to determine the thermodynamic potentials of metallic hydrogen. The electron subsystem is considered in the randomphase approximation with regard to the exchange interaction and the correlation of electrons in the local field approximation. The interproton interaction is taken into account in the hard spheres approximation. The thermodynamic characteristics of metallic hydrogen are calculated with regard to the zero-, second-, and thirdorder perturbation theory terms. The third-order term proves to be rather essential at moderately high temperatures and densities, although it is much smaller than the second-order term. The thermodynamic potentials of metallic hydrogen are monotonically increasing functions of density and temperature. The values of pressure for the temperatures and pressures that are characteristic of the conditions under which metallic hydrogen is produced on earth coincide with the corresponding values reported by the discoverers of metallic hydrogen to a high degree of accuracy. The temperature and density ranges are found in which there exists a liquid phase of metallic hydrogen.
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