亚稳超凝固态含氢材料
Metastable Ultracondensed Solid Hydrogenous Materials
摘要：
本文的主要目的是刺激理论预测如何保留亚稳含氢材料在高压P释放到周围环境。在140 GPa和有限温度T下，在流体中制备了超凝聚金属氢。这里的术语金属意味着量子力学简并。在5.5K下，在495GPa的估计压力下制备了超冷凝氢的单个样品。这个样品是固体还是液体还有待确定。这些结果意味着对金属氢的长期探索可能会在相对不久的将来结束。由于对金属氢的探索几十年来一直是高压研究的主要驱动力，因此一个合乎逻辑的问题是，未来高压研究中是否会出现另一个与该探索规模相当的研究方向。一种可能性是在将P和T释放到环境中时保留亚稳固体金属氢和其它含氢材料。如果含氢材料在释放时能够亚稳地保留在固体中，这些材料将成为科学研究和技术应用的一类新材料。本文简要回顾了金属氢的合成，亚稳固体金属H和其他含氢材料在室温下的潜在技术应用，并发表了实验和理论结果，作为过去亚稳相所取得的成就的一般背景，这表明了未来可能取得的成就。
英文摘要：
The primary purpose of this paper is to stimulate theoretical predictions of how to retain metastably hydrogenous materials made at high pressure P on release to ambient. Ultracondensed metallic hydrogen has been made at 140 GPa at finite temperatures T in the fluid. The term metallic here means quantum mechanically degenerate. A single sample of ultracondensed hydrogen has been made at an estimated pressure of 495 GPa at 5.5 K. Whether that sample is solid or fluid remains to be determined. Those results imply the long quest for metallic hydrogen is likely to be concluded in the relatively near future. Because the quest for metallic hydrogen has been a major driver of high pressure research for decades, a logical question is whether another research direction, comparable in scale to that quest, will arise in high pressure research in the future. One possibility is retention of metastable solid metallic hydrogen and other hydrogenous materials on release of P and T to ambient. If hydrogenous materials could be retained metastably in the solid on release, those materials would be a new class of materials for scientific investigations and technological applications. This paper is a brief review of the synthesis of metallic hydrogen, potential technological applications of metastable solid metallic H and other hydrogenous materials at ambient, and published experimental and theoretical results as general background for what has been accomplished with metastable phases in the past, which suggests what might be accomplished in the future.
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