arXiv 1902.001292019-02quant-ph

一个时间可逆的量子因果模型

A time-reversible quantum causal model

Jacques Pienaar

备注：: 9 pages. Minor improvements to previous draft

摘要：

因果建模的现代方法使干预措施发挥了核心作用，这需要观察者的积极投入，并引入了明确的"因果时间箭头"。因果模型通常采用一种机械解释，根据这种解释，因果箭头的方向是所研究过程的固有方向。在这里，我们调查是否因果箭头的方向可能是一个观察者的贡献，而不是一个内在的属性的过程。在arXiv：1806.00895中开发的因果建模的反事实和非机械解释中工作，我们提出了一个“量子观测方案”的定义，我们认为它表征了因果模型的非线性不变性质。通过限制到保持最大混合态（无偏态）的量子过程，我们发现统计在时间顺序的反转下是对称的。因此，由此产生的模型可以容纳因果箭头是依赖于时间的想法，指出了一条协调因果箭头与时间对称物理定律的路线。

英文摘要：

Modern approaches to causal modeling give a central role to interventions, which require the active input of an observer and introduces an explicit `causal arrow of time'. Causal models typically adopt a mechanistic interpretation, according to which the direction of the causal arrow is intrinsic to the process being studied. Here we investigate whether the direction of the causal arrow might be a contribution from the observer, rather than an intrinsic property of the process. Working within a counterfactual and non-mechanistic interpretation of causal modeling developed in arXiv:1806.00895, we propose a definition of a `quantum observational scheme' that we argue characterizes the observer-invariant properties of a causal model. By restricting to quantum processes that preserve the maximally mixed state (unbiasedness) we find that the statistics is symmetric under reversal of the time-ordering. The resulting model can therefore accommodate the idea that the causal arrow is observer-dependent, indicating a route towards reconciling the causal arrow with time-symmetric laws of physics.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。

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