不可观测因果环的量子力学概念与人择原理
The quantum mechanical notion of unobservable causal loop and the anthropic principle
AI总结：
本文提出通过时间对称化补全可逆量子过程描述，揭示不可观测因果环的量子叠加结构，并以此完备人择原理，解释量子加速下的宇宙演化。
摘要：
可以论证，对两个一一关联测量结果之间的可逆量子过程的通常描述是不完备的，因为它在不指定因果方向的情况下，允许违反可逆过程所要求的时间对称性的因果结构。这也意味着只需对其进行时间对称化即可使之完备，即要求初态测量和末态测量均等地参与对其关联结果对的选择。这使描述保持不变，但表明它是不可观测的时间对称化实例的量子叠加，其因果结构被完全定义。每个实例由一个因果环构成：末态测量在时间上向后改变幺正变换的输入态，该幺正变换导致紧邻其前的状态。在先前的工作中，我们已经证明此类环精确解释了量子计算加速和量子非定域性。在本工作中，我们证明它们导致对人择原理的一种完备化，从而允许具有量子加速的宇宙演化。
英文摘要：
It can be argued that the ordinary description of the reversible quantum process between two one-to-one correlated measurement outcomes is incomplete because, by not specifying the direction of causality, it allows causal structures that violate the time symmetry that is required of a reversible process. This also means that it can be completed simply by time-symmetrizing it, namely by requiring that the initial and final measurements evenly contribute to the selection of their correlated pair of outcomes. This leaves the description unaltered but shows that it is the quantum superposition of unobservable time-symmetrized instances whose causal structure is completely defined. Each instance consists of a causal loop: the final measurement that changes backwards in time the input state of the unitary transformation that leads to the state immediately before it. In former works, we have shown that such loops exactly explain the quantum computational speedup and quantum nonlocality. In this work we show that they lead to a completion of the anthropic principle that allows a universe evolution with quantum speedup.
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