构造广义锁态脉冲场和有效模拟通用量子计算机可逆幺正停机协议的基本原理
The basic principles to construct a generalized state-locking pulse field and simulate efficiently the reversible and unitary halting protocol of a universal quantum computer
摘要：
它已被证明（Arxiv：Quant-PH/0507236），而基于状态锁定脉冲场的可逆幺正停机协议是构造高效量子搜索过程的关键部件，而状态锁定脉冲场是产生可逆幺正停机协议的关键部件。本文对可逆幺正停止协议和广义锁态脉冲场进行了深入的理论研究。详细研究了构造锁态脉冲场和设计可逆酉停止协议的基本原理。广义锁态脉冲场一般依赖于时间和空间变量。它可以是一系列依赖于时间和空间的电磁脉冲场，也可以包含依赖于时间和空间的势场。因此，可逆的和幺正的停止协议建立了状态锁定脉冲场一般由一系列的时间和空间相关的幺正演化过程。它示出了如何构建量子控制过程，以有效地模拟可逆和单一的停机协议。提出了一种改进的基于可逆幺正停止协议的子空间约简量子程序和电路，作为进一步构造高效量子搜索过程的关键部分。提出了一个简单的原子物理系统，即双势阱中的原子离子或中性原子，来说明如何产生锁态脉冲场以及如何实现可逆的幺正停止协议。
英文摘要：
It has been shown (Arxiv: quant-ph/0507236) that a universal quantum computer could be powerful enough to solve efficiently the quantum search problem, and the reversible and unitary halting protocol based on the state-locking pulse field is the key component to construct the efficient quantum search processes, while the state-locking pulse field is the key component to generate the reversible and unitary halting protocol. In this paper the reversible and unitary halting protocol and the generalized state-locking pulse field have been extensively investigated theoretically. The basic principles to construct the state-locking pulse field and design the reversible and unitary halting protocol are studied in detail. A generalized state-locking pulse field is generally dependent upon the time and space variables. It could be a sequence of time- and space-dependent electromagnetic pulse fields and could also contain the time- and space-dependent potential fields. Thus, the reversible and unitary halting protocol built up out of the state-locking pulse field generally consists of a sequence of time- and space-dependent unitary evolution processes. It is shown how the quantum control process is constructed to simulate efficiently the reversible and unitary halting protocol. An improved subspace-reduction quantum program and circuit based on the reversible and unitary halting protocol is proposed as the key component to construct further an efficient quantum search process. A simple atomic physical system that is an atomic ion or a neutral atom in the double-well potential field is proposed to show how the state-locking pulse field is generated and how to implement the reversible and unitary halting protocol.
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