量子力学叠加态的出现与坍缩：可逆动力学的非线性与不可逆扩散
Emergence and Collapse of Quantum Mechanical Superposition: Orthogonality of Reversible Dynamics and Irreversible Diffusion
摘要：
基于量子系统的建模与（经典）非平衡态热力学的帮助下，叠加原理的出现和崩溃都在同一个框架内理解。两者都取决于在关键的方式上是否保持平均正交性之间的可逆薛定谔动力学和不可逆的扩散过程。此外，当处理单个自由高斯波包时，所述正交性已经完全发挥作用。在一个应用中，量子力学的“衰减的波包“被证明是简单地从亚量子扩散与特定的扩散率随时间变化，由于粒子的热环境的变化。因此，高斯波包的精确量子力学轨迹分布和速度场，以及玻恩定则，都是完全从经典物理学推导出来的。
英文摘要：
Based on the modelling of quantum systems with the aid of (classical) non-equilibrium thermodynamics, both the emergence and the collapse of the superposition principle are understood within one and the same framework. Both are shown to depend in crucial ways on whether or not an average orthogonality is maintained between reversible Schroedinger dynamics and irreversible processes of diffusion. Moreover, said orthogonality is already in full operation when dealing with a single free Gaussian wave packet. In an application, the quantum mechanical "decay of the wave packet" is shown to simply result from sub-quantum diffusion with a specific diffusivity varying in time due to a particle's changing thermal environment. The exact quantum mechanical trajectory distributions and the velocity field of the Gaussian wave packet, as well as Born's rule, are thus all derived solely from classical physics.
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