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arXiv 1811.03224cs.DS
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随机匹配算法与工具

Stochastic Matching with Few Queries: New Algorithms and Tools

Soheil Behnezhad, Alireza Farhadi, MohammadTaghi Hajiaghayi, Nima Reyhani

摘要:

我们考虑以下随机匹配问题的加权和未加权图:一个图$G(V, E)$以及一个参数$p \in (0, 1)$的输入。$G$的每条边以概率$p$独立实现。目标是选择$G$的度有界(仅依赖于$p$)子图$H$,使得$H$的最大实现匹配的期望大小/权重接近于$G$的期望大小/权重。近年来,由于其各种应用,这种随机匹配模型引起了人们的极大关注。最基本的开放问题是最好的近似因子,可实现的算法,在文献中,被称为非自适应算法。先前的工作已经确定了突破(近)半近似作为加权和非加权图的障碍。我们的主要结果如下:--我们分析了一个简单而干净的算法,并表明,对于未加权图,它发现(几乎)$4\sqrt{2}-5$($\approx 0.6568$)近似查询每个顶点的$O(\frac{\log (1/p)}{p})$边。这改进了Assadi等人[EC'17]的最先进的$0.5001$近似算法。--我们表明,相同的算法实现了加权图的$0.501$近似查询每个顶点的$O(\frac{\log (1/p)}{p})$边。这是第一个突破加权图的$0.5$逼近障碍的算法。它还改进了Yamaguchi和Maehara [SODA'18]以及Behnezhad和Reyhani [EC'18]的最先进的逐顶点查询。我们的算法从根本上不同于以前的作品,但非常简单和自然。为了进行分析,我们引入了许多构建重分数匹配的过程。我们认为新的算法和我们的分析工具是本文的主要贡献。

英文摘要:

We consider the following stochastic matching problem on both weighted and unweighted graphs: A graph $G(V, E)$ along with a parameter $p \in (0, 1)$ is given in the input. Each edge of $G$ is realized independently with probability $p$. The goal is to select a degree bounded (dependent only on $p$) subgraph $H$ of $G$ such that the expected size/weight of maximum realized matching of $H$ is close to that of $G$. This model of stochastic matching has attracted significant attention over the recent years due to its various applications. The most fundamental open question is the best approximation factor achievable for such algorithms that, in the literature, are referred to as non-adaptive algorithms. Prior work has identified breaking (near) half-approximation as a barrier for both weighted and unweighted graphs. Our main results are as follows: -- We analyze a simple and clean algorithm and show that for unweighted graphs, it finds an (almost) $4\sqrt{2}-5$ ($\approx 0.6568$) approximation by querying $O(\frac{\log (1/p)}{p})$ edges per vertex. This improves over the state-of-the-art $0.5001$ approximate algorithm of Assadi et al. [EC'17]. -- We show that the same algorithm achieves a $0.501$ approximation for weighted graphs by querying $O(\frac{\log (1/p)}{p})$ edges per vertex. This is the first algorithm to break $0.5$ approximation barrier for weighted graphs. It also improves the per-vertex queries of the state-of-the-art by Yamaguchi and Maehara [SODA'18] and Behnezhad and Reyhani [EC'18]. Our algorithms are fundamentally different from prior works, yet are very simple and natural. For the analysis, we introduce a number of procedures that construct heavy fractional matchings. We consider the new algorithms and our analytical tools to be the main contributions of this paper.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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