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arXiv 1111.1713cs.DS
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图像匹配的紧近似

Tight Approximation of Image Matching

Simon Korman, Daniel Reichman, Gilad Tsur

摘要:

在这项工作中,我们考虑两个灰度$n \times n$图像,$M_1$和$M_2$(其中像素值范围从0到1)的{ \em图像匹配}问题。我们的目标是找到一个仿射变换$T$,将像素从$M_1$映射到$M_2$中的像素,从而使$M_1(p)$和$M_2(T(p))$之间的像素$p$的差异最小化。这里我们的重点是次线性算法,它给出了这个问题的近似结果,也就是说,我们希望执行这个任务,同时从两个图像中查询尽可能少的像素,并给出一个接近最小化差异的变换。我们给出了一个算法的图像匹配问题,返回一个变换$T$,最大限度地减少了差异(规范化$n^2$)的总和$ε$的添加剂错误,并执行$\tilde{O}(n/ε^2)$查询。我们给出了相应的下限的$Ω(n)$查询表明,这是最好的可能的结果在一般情况下(相对于$n$和低阶项)。此外,我们给出了一个明显更好的算法的自然家庭的图像,即平滑图像。当相邻像素之间的总差为O(n)时,我们认为图像是平滑的。对于这样的图像,我们使用多项式依赖于$1/ε$而不是$n$的多个查询来提供图像之间的距离在$ε$的加性误差内的近似。要做到这一点,我们首先考虑2和3维{ \em二进制}图像的图像匹配问题,然后减少灰度图像匹配问题的3维二进制的情况。

英文摘要:

In this work we consider the {\em image matching} problem for two grayscale $n \times n$ images, $M_1$ and $M_2$ (where pixel values range from 0 to 1). Our goal is to find an affine transformation $T$ that maps pixels from $M_1$ to pixels in $M_2$ so that the differences over pixels $p$ between $M_1(p)$ and $M_2(T(p))$ is minimized. Our focus here is on sublinear algorithms that give an approximate result for this problem, that is, we wish to perform this task while querying as few pixels from both images as possible, and give a transformation that comes close to minimizing the difference. We give an algorithm for the image matching problem that returns a transformation $T$ which minimizes the sum of differences (normalized by $n^2$) up to an additive error of $ε$ and performs $\tilde{O}(n/ε^2)$ queries. We give a corresponding lower bound of $Ω(n)$ queries showing that this is the best possible result in the general case (with respect to $n$ and up to low order terms). In addition, we give a significantly better algorithm for a natural family of images, namely, smooth images. We consider an image smooth when the total difference between neighboring pixels is O(n). For such images we provide an approximation of the distance between the images to within an additive error of $ε$ using a number of queries depending polynomially on $1/ε$ and not on $n$. To do this we first consider the image matching problem for 2 and 3-dimensional {\em binary} images, and then reduce the grayscale image matching problem to the 3-dimensional binary case.

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