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arXiv 1808.04778math.CO
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Hedetniemi猜想与强乘法图

Hedetniemi's conjecture and strongly multiplicative graphs

Claude Tardif, Marcin Wrochna

摘要:

一个图K是乘法的,如果从任意积G × H到K的同态蕴涵从G或从H的同态。Hedetniemi猜想指出所有的团都是乘法的。为了探索现有方法的局限性,我们研究了强乘法图,我们定义强乘法图为K,使得对于任意具有奇圈C,C '的连通图G,H,从$(G \times C') \cup (C \times H) \subseteq G \times H$到K的同态蕴涵从G或H的同态. K的强乘法性还包含以下性质:如果G是非二部图,H是顶点为h的连通图,并且存在一个同态$ϕ\colon G \times H \to K$使得$ϕ(-,h)$是常数,则H允许与K同态。目前已知的所有乘法图都是强乘法图。我们重新审视的证据,在不同的角度覆盖图的基础上,取代片段与更多的组合参数。这使得我们可以找到新的(强)乘法图:所有每条边至多为正方形的图,以及围长>12的任何图的三次幂。虽然更多的图是服从我们的方法,他们仍然没有取得进展的情况下集团。相反,我们希望了解它们的局限性,也许暗示进一步扩展它们的方法。

英文摘要:

A graph K is multiplicative if a homomorphism from any product G x H to K implies a homomorphism from G or from H. Hedetniemi's conjecture states that all cliques are multiplicative. In an attempt to explore the boundaries of current methods, we investigate strongly multiplicative graphs, which we define as K such that for any connected graphs G,H with odd cycles C,C', a homomorphism from $(G \times C') \cup (C \times H) \subseteq G \times H$ to K implies a homomorphism from G or H. Strong multiplicativity of K also implies the following property, which may be of independent interest: if G is non-bipartite, H is a connected graph with a vertex h, and there is a homomorphism $ϕ\colon G \times H \to K$ such that $ϕ(-,h)$ is constant, then H admits a homomorphism to K. All graphs currently known to be multiplicative are strongly multiplicative. We revisit the proofs in a different view based on covering graphs and replace fragments with more combinatorial arguments. This allows us to find new (strongly) multiplicative graphs: all graphs in which every edge is in at most square, and the third power of any graph of girth >12. Though more graphs are amenable to our methods, they still make no progress for the case of cliques. Instead we hope to understand their limits, perhaps hinting at ways to further extend them.

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