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arXiv 1712.04552math.CO
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从$(p,2)$ -定理到紧$(p,q)$ -定理

From a $(p,2)$-Theorem to a Tight $(p,q)$-Theorem

Chaya Keller, Shakhar Smorodinsky

摘要:

一个集合族$F$被称为满足$(p,q)$ -性质,如果在$F$的任何$p$集合中有一些$q$相交。著名的$(p,q)$ -定理的阿隆和Kleitman断言,任何家庭的紧凑凸集在$\mathbb{R}^d$,满足$(p,q)$ -性质的一些$q \geq d+1$,可以通过一个固定数目的$f_d(p,q)$点。最小穿孔数用PDMATHAMT表示。早在1957年,Hadwiger和Debrunner就指出,无论何时,只要$q>\frac{d-1}{d}p+1$,穿孔数就是$HD_d(p,q)=p-q+1$ ;从那时起,就没有发现$HD_d(p,q)$的精确值。虽然对于$\mathbb{R}^d$中的任意紧凸集族,$d \geq 2$,$(p,2)$ -性质并不意味着有界穿刺数,但这样的界已被证明用于许多特定的族。其中研究得最好的是平面内的平行轴矩形。Wegner和Dol'nikov(独立地)使用了一个$(p,2)$ -定理来证明$HD_{\mathrm{rect}}(p,q)=p-q+1$对所有的$q>\sqrt{2p}$都成立。这些是唯一精确已知$HD_{\mathrm{rect}}(p,q)$的$q$值。在本文中,我们提出了一个一般的方法,允许使用$(p,2)$ -定理作为一个引导,以获得一个紧$(p,q)$ -定理,家庭与Helly数2,即使没有假设,在家庭中的集合是凸的或紧凑的。为了证明这种方法的强度,我们得到了一个显着的改进超过50岁的结果由韦格纳和多尔尼科夫。也就是说,我们证明了$HD_{\mathrm{d-box}}(p,q)=p-q+1$对所有$q > c' \log^{d-1} p$成立,特别是$HD_{\mathrm{rect}}(p,q)=p-q+1$对所有$q \geq 7 \log_2 p$成立(与Wegner和Dol'nikov的$q \geq \sqrt{2p}$相比)。此外,对于几类族,我们提出了改进的$(p,2)$ -定理,其中一些可以作为一个Bootstrapping得到紧$(p,q)$ -定理。

英文摘要:

A family $F$ of sets is said to satisfy the $(p,q)$-property if among any $p$ sets of $F$ some $q$ intersect. The celebrated $(p,q)$-theorem of Alon and Kleitman asserts that any family of compact convex sets in $\mathbb{R}^d$ that satisfies the $(p,q)$-property for some $q \geq d+1$, can be pierced by a fixed number $f_d(p,q)$ of points. The minimum such piercing number is denoted by $HD_d(p,q)$. Already in 1957, Hadwiger and Debrunner showed that whenever $q>\frac{d-1}{d}p+1$ the piercing number is $HD_d(p,q)=p-q+1$; no exact values of $HD_d(p,q)$ were found ever since. While for an arbitrary family of compact convex sets in $\mathbb{R}^d$, $d \geq 2$, a $(p,2)$-property does not imply a bounded piercing number, such bounds were proved for numerous specific families. The best-studied among them is axis-parallel rectangles in the plane. Wegner and (independently) Dol'nikov used a $(p,2)$-theorem for axis-parallel rectangles to show that $HD_{\mathrm{rect}}(p,q)=p-q+1$ holds for all $q>\sqrt{2p}$. These are the only values of $q$ for which $HD_{\mathrm{rect}}(p,q)$ is known exactly. In this paper we present a general method which allows using a $(p,2)$-theorem as a bootstrapping to obtain a tight $(p,q)$-theorem, for families with Helly number 2, even without assuming that the sets in the family are convex or compact. To demonstrate the strength of this method, we obtain a significant improvement of an over 50 year old result by Wegner and Dol'nikov. Namely, we show that $HD_{\mathrm{d-box}}(p,q)=p-q+1$ holds for all $q > c' \log^{d-1} p$, and in particular, $HD_{\mathrm{rect}}(p,q)=p-q+1$ holds for all $q \geq 7 \log_2 p$ (compared to $q \geq \sqrt{2p}$ of Wegner and Dol'nikov). In addition, for several classes of families, we present improved $(p,2)$-theorems, some of which can be used as a bootstrapping to obtain tight $(p,q)$-theorems.

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