我们考虑一个问题,首先提出了马勒和Popken在1953年,后来发展的Coppersmith,Erdensys,盖伊,Isbell,Selfridge,和其他人。令$f(n)$为$n \in \mathbb{Z^{+}}$的复杂度,其中$f(n)$定义为表示$n$所需的最少数量的$1$,以及任意数量的$+$、$*$和括号.已经开发了几种算法来计算高达$n$的所有整数的复杂度。目前,已知最快的算法是$\mathcal{O}(n^{1.230175})$,由J. Arias de Reyna和J. van de Lune在2014年给出。该算法利用Guy给出的递归定义,并迭代通过$d \ |\ n$的乘积$f(d) + f\left(\frac{n}{d}\right)$和$a$的求和$f(a) + f(n - a)$,直到$n$的某个函数。速率限制因素是迭代求和。我们讨论了潜在的改进,该算法通过一种方法,提供了一个强大的统一的上限的数目,必须计算几乎所有的$n$的被加数。我们还开发了代码来运行J. Arias de Reyna和J. van de Lune的分析,从而将$\mathcal{O}(n^{1.230175})$的运行时间减少到$\mathcal{O}(n^{1.222911236})$。我们所有的代码都可以在网上找到:https://github.com/kcordwel/Integer-Complexity。
英文摘要:
We consider a problem first proposed by Mahler and Popken in 1953 and later developed by Coppersmith, Erdős, Guy, Isbell, Selfridge, and others. Let $f(n)$ be the complexity of $n \in \mathbb{Z^{+}}$, where $f(n)$ is defined as the least number of $1$'s needed to represent $n$ in conjunction with an arbitrary number of $+$'s, $*$'s, and parentheses. Several algorithms have been developed to calculate the complexity of all integers up to $n$. Currently, the fastest known algorithm runs in time $\mathcal{O}(n^{1.230175})$ and was given by J. Arias de Reyna and J. van de Lune in 2014. This algorithm makes use of a recursive definition given by Guy and iterates through products, $f(d) + f\left(\frac{n}{d}\right)$, for $d \ |\ n$, and sums, $f(a) + f(n - a)$, for $a$ up to some function of $n$. The rate-limiting factor is iterating through the sums. We discuss potential improvements to this algorithm via a method that provides a strong uniform bound on the number of summands that must be calculated for almost all $n$. We also develop code to run J. Arias de Reyna and J. van de Lune's analysis in higher bases and thus reduce their runtime of $\mathcal{O}(n^{1.230175})$ to $\mathcal{O}(n^{1.222911236})$. All of our code can be found online at: https://github.com/kcordwel/Integer-Complexity.
Integer Complexity: Experimental and Analytical Results II
我们考虑用1、加法、乘法和括号来表示自然数。$\left\| n \right\|$表示表示$n$的表达式中1的最小数目。对数复杂度$\left\| n \right\|_{\log}$定义为$\left\| n \right\|/{\log_3 n}$。$\left\| n \right\|_{\log}$的值位于片段$[3, 4.755]$中,但几乎不知道关于该“谱”的结构的确定性(值是否密集在片段中的某处等)。我们建立了一个连接这个问题和另一个困难的问题:看似“几乎随机”的行为的数字在基地3表示的数字$2^n$。我们还考虑表示自然数的表达式,包括减法,和所谓的$P$ -算法-一个家庭的“确定性”的算法,用于建立表示的数字。