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arXiv 1703.04772cond-mat.str-elhep-th
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无间隙拓扑序、引力与黑洞

Gapless Topological Order, Gravity, and Black Holes

Alex Rasmussen, Adam Jermyn

摘要:

在这项工作中,我们证明了线性化引力具有广泛的基态简并性的无隙拓扑序。这一现象与烧绿石U(1)自旋液体的拓扑有序性和Hawking等人最近的工作密切相关。他用软光子和引力子定理证明了线性引力中的真空不是唯一的。我们首先考虑晶格模型,其低能量的行为所描述的电磁和线性引力,然后认为,这些模型的拓扑性质进行到连续。我们表明,这些模型可以有许多基态,而不作假设的拓扑结构的时空或有关的高能量性质的理论,并表明,无限家庭的对称性所描述的霍金等。只是不同的拓扑扇区。我们认为,在这种情况下,黑洞出现在IR理论的拓扑缺陷,这表明一个潜在的方法来理解防火墙悖论和引力理论中的信息编码。最后,我们使用软玻色子定理的见解,使连续规范群和无隙拓扑序之间的连接解除规范理论。

英文摘要:

In this work we demonstrate that linearized gravity exhibits gapless topological order with an extensive ground state degeneracy. This phenomenon is closely related both to the topological order of the pyrochlore U(1) spin liquid and to recent work by Hawking et. al. who used the soft photon and graviton theorems to demonstrate that the vacuum in linearized gravity is not unique. We first consider lattice models whose low-energy behavior are described by electromagnetism and linearized gravity, and then argue that the topological nature of these models carries over into the continuum. We demonstrate that these models can have many ground states without making assumptions about the topology of spacetime or about the high-energy nature of the theory, and show that the infinite family of symmetries described by Hawking et. al. are simply the difierent topological sectors. We argue that in this context black holes appear as topological defects in the IR theory, and that this suggests a potential approach to understanding both the firewall paradox and information encoding in gravitational theories. Finally, we use insights from the soft boson theorems to make connections between deconfined gauge theories with continuous gauge groups and gapless topological order.

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