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arXiv 1702.01522cond-mat.dis-nnq-bio.GNq-bio.MNq-bio.NC
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逆统计问题:从逆伊辛问题到数据科学

Inverse statistical problems: from the inverse Ising problem to data science

H. Chau Nguyen, Riccardo Zecchina, Johannes Berg

摘要:

统计物理学中的逆问题是由不同领域中的“大数据”的挑战,特别是生物学中的高通量实验所激发的。在反问题中,统计物理学的通常程序需要颠倒过来:我们不是根据模型参数计算可观测量,而是根据观测值推断模型的参数。在这篇评论中,我们专注于逆伊辛问题和密切相关的问题,即如何推断自旋之间的耦合强度给定观察到的自旋相关性,磁化,或其他数据。本文综述了伊辛逆问题在神经网络重建、蛋白质结构确定和基因调控网络推断等方面的应用。对于平衡态下的伊辛反问题,统计力学界已经提出了许多受控和非受控的近似解。一个特别强大的方法,伪像,源于统计学。我们还回顾了逆伊辛问题的非平衡的情况下,模型参数必须重建的基础上非平衡统计。

英文摘要:

Inverse problems in statistical physics are motivated by the challenges of `big data' in different fields, in particular high-throughput experiments in biology. In inverse problems, the usual procedure of statistical physics needs to be reversed: Instead of calculating observables on the basis of model parameters, we seek to infer parameters of a model based on observations. In this review, we focus on the inverse Ising problem and closely related problems, namely how to infer the coupling strengths between spins given observed spin correlations, magnetisations, or other data. We review applications of the inverse Ising problem, including the reconstruction of neural connections, protein structure determination, and the inference of gene regulatory networks. For the inverse Ising problem in equilibrium, a number of controlled and uncontrolled approximate solutions have been developed in the statistical mechanics community. A particularly strong method, pseudolikelihood, stems from statistics. We also review the inverse Ising problem in the non-equilibrium case, where the model parameters must be reconstructed based on non-equilibrium statistics.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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