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arXiv 1608.03367astro-ph.IMcs.ITmath.IT
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基于重力梯度的近地轨道轨道确定

Low-Earth Orbit Determination from Gravity Gradient Measurements

Xiucong Sun, Pei Chen, Christophe Macabiau, Chao Han

摘要:

提出了一种新的利用重力梯度的低轨卫星轨道确定方法。简要介绍了重力梯度测量原理,分析了测量误差的来源。提出了一种基于轨道方程线性化和测量方程无迹变换的自适应混合最小二乘批量滤波器,用于轨道状态和测量偏差的估计。利用欧洲航天局重力场和稳态海洋环流探测器的实际飞行数据对算法进行了验证。将轨道确定结果与GPS测轨结果进行了比较。径向和跨轨道的位置误差是几十米的数量级,而沿轨道的位置误差是超过一个数量级大。基于重力梯度的轨道确定方法在不依赖GPS的航天器导航中具有广阔的应用前景。

英文摘要:

An innovative orbit determination method which makes use of gravity gradients for Low-Earth-Orbiting satellites is proposed. The measurement principle of gravity gradiometry is briefly reviewed and the sources of measurement error are analyzed. An adaptive hybrid least squares batch filter based on linearization of the orbital equation and unscented transformation of the measurement equation is developed to estimate the orbital states and the measurement biases. The algorithm is tested with the actual flight data from the European Space Agency Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer. The orbit determination results are compared with the GPS-derived orbits. The radial and cross-track position errors are on the order of tens of meters, whereas the along-track position error is over one order of magnitude larger. The gravity gradient based orbit determination method is promising for potential use in GPS-denied spacecraft navigation.

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