低轨道空间碎片的创新观测策略与轨道确定
Innovative observing strategy and orbit determination for Low Earth Orbit Space Debris
摘要：
我们提出了一个大规模的模拟结果，再现的行为数据中心的建立和维护的一个完整的目录中的低地球轨道区域（LEO）的上部空间碎片。目的是通过使用比萨数学系（DM）开发的最新轨道确定算法，确定先进光学传感器网络的性能。Carlo Gavazzi Space SpA（CGS）、Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica（INAF）、DM和Istituto di Scienza e Tecnologie dell'Informazione（ISTI-CNR）在空间态势感知（SSA）框架中向ESA提出了这样的网络。结论是，有可能使用光学传感器网络来建立一个目录，其中包含98%以上的近地点高度在1100至2000公里之间的物体，这些物体可以通过作为比较选择的参考雷达系统进行观测。还可以在避免碰撞的准确性要求范围内维持这样一个目录，并检测灾难性的碎裂事件。然而，这样的结果取决于对传感器和软件技术的特定假设。
英文摘要：
We present the results of a large scale simulation, reproducing the behavior of a data center for the build-up and maintenance of a complete catalog of space debris in the upper part of the low Earth orbits region (LEO). The purpose is to determine the performances of a network of advanced optical sensors, through the use of the newest orbit determination algorithms developed by the Department of Mathematics of Pisa (DM). Such a network has been proposed to ESA in the Space Situational Awareness (SSA) framework by Carlo Gavazzi Space SpA (CGS), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), DM, and Istituto di Scienza e Tecnologie dell'Informazione (ISTI-CNR). The conclusion is that it is possible to use a network of optical sensors to build up a catalog containing more than 98% of the objects with perigee height between 1100 and 2000 km, which would be observable by a reference radar system selected as comparison. It is also possible to maintain such a catalog within the accuracy requirements motivated by collision avoidance, and to detect catastrophic fragmentation events. However, such results depend upon specific assumptions on the sensor and on the software technologies.
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