We present simulations for interferometer arrays in Earth orbit and on the lunar surface to guide the design and optimization of space-based Ultra-Long Wavelength missions, such as those of China's Chang'E program. We choose parameters and present simulations using simulated data to identify inter-dependencies and constraints on science and engineering parameters. A regolith model is created for the lunar surface array simulation, the results show that the lunar regolith will have an undesirable effect on the observation. We estimate data transmission requirement, calculate sensitivities for both cases, and discuss the trade-off between brightness temperature sensitivity and angular resolution for the Earth orbit array case.
Site selection for the Laser Interferometer Lunar Antenna (LILA)
Vanderbilt University(范德堡大学);Lunar Resources, Inc.(月球资源有限公司);University of Texas Rio Grande Valley(得克萨斯大学里奥格兰德河谷分校);Université Paris Cité, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS(巴黎西岱大学,巴黎地球物理研究所,法国国家科学研究中心);California Institute of Technology(加州理工学院);Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory(约翰斯·霍普金斯大学应用物理实验室)
Physical Insights, LLC.(物理洞察有限公司);Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology(加州理工学院喷气推进实验室);Purdue University(普渡大学);Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology(夏威夷地球物理与行星研究所);University of Chicago(芝加哥大学)
NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts Phase I Final Report -- A Lunar Long-Baseline UV/Optical Imaging Interferometer: Artemis-enabled Stellar Imager (AeSI)
Galactic Cosmic Rays and Solar Energetic Particles in Cis-Lunar Space: Need for contextual energetic particle measurements at Earth and supporting distributed observations
JWST Observations of Asteroid 2024 YR4 Rule Out a 2032 Lunar Impact and Demonstrate a New Regime for Planetary Defense Follow-up
Massachusetts Institute of Technology(麻省理工学院);Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory(约翰斯·霍普金斯大学应用物理实验室);European Space Agency, Near Earth Object Coordination Centre(欧洲空间局近地天体协调中心);Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology(加州理工学院喷气推进实验室);Space Telescope Science Institute(太空望远镜科学研究所);Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii at Manoa(夏威夷大学马诺阿分校天文研究所);Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik(马克斯·普朗克地外物理研究所);Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy(大学天文研究协会);NASA Goddard Space Flight Center(美国宇航局戈达德太空飞行中心);Ondřejov Observatory(奥德杰约夫天文台);Northern Arizona University(北亚利桑那大学)
Beyond Sgr A* and M87*: Sub-Microarcsecond Black Hole Shadow Detection via Lunar-based Extremely Long Baseline Interferometry
Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院上海天文台);Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院射电天文与技术重点实验室);Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie(马克斯·普朗克射电天文研究所);Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University(上海交通大学李政道研究所);School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University(上海交通大学物理与天文学院);Institut für Theoretische Physik, Goethe-Universität(法兰克福大学理论物理研究所)
Discovering the Sky at the Longest wavelengths with a lunar orbit array
由于电离层的吸收以及自然和人工无线电发射的干扰,在十米或更长的波长上,我们称之为超长波长,从地面进行天文观测变得非常困难。电磁波谱中这一未被探索的部分具有重大发现的潜力,特别是在宇宙黑暗时代和黎明的研究中,而且在太阳物理学和空间天气、行星和系外行星、宇宙射线和中微子、脉冲星和星际介质(ISM)、河外射电源等方面也有发现的潜力。电离层的困难可以通过空间观测克服,月球可以屏蔽来自地球的射频干扰。月球轨道阵列可以成为开拓超长波段的第一步。与远侧的月球表面观测站相比,月球轨道阵列更简单,更经济,因为它不需要进行风险和昂贵的着陆,可以很容易地用太阳能供电,当它在轨道的近侧部分时,数据可以传回地球。本文介绍的DSL(Discovering Sky at the Longest Wavelength)计划将由一颗母星和6~9颗子星组成,在同一圆轨道上绕月飞行,形成一个线性干涉仪阵列。数据由母卫星收集,母卫星计算干涉互相关并将数据传回地球。整个阵列可以通过一次火箭发射部署在月球轨道上。该项目正在中国进行深入研究。