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arXiv 2008.01837astro-ph.EPastro-ph.IM
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哈勃太空望远镜的地球作为系外行星的近紫外和光学透射光谱

The Hubble Space Telescope's near-UV and optical transmission spectrum of Earth as an exoplanet

Allison Youngblood, Giada N. Arney, Antonio García Muñoz, John T. Stocke, Kevin France, Aki Roberge

摘要:

我们用哈勃太空望远镜的STIS摄谱仪观测了2019年1月的月全食,以获得地球作为过境系外行星的第一个近紫外(1700-3200 $Å$)观测。能够对地外行星进行透射光谱分析的观测站和仪器已经开始规划,描述地球的透射光谱对于确保关键的光谱特征(例如,臭氧或O $_3$)在飞行任务概念研究中得到适当的捕获。O $_3$是由O $_2$光化学产生的,O是当今地球上主要代谢产物,它将作为系外行星上生命的关键证据在未来的观测中寻找。对月食的地面观测提供了地球在光学和近红外波长的透射光谱,但最强的O $_3$特征是在近紫外波段。我们描述的意见和方法,用于提取透射光谱从哈勃月食光谱,并确定光谱特征的O $_3$和瑞利散射在3000-5500毫米区域的地球的透射光谱相比,地球模型,包括在地球大气中的折射效应在月食。我们的近紫外光谱是没有特征的,这是因为在日食期间,由于O $_3$的吸收非常强,近紫外太阳光在地球大气层中没有完全衰减,并且当太阳光通过O $_3$层而不是在它上面的高度传输到月球表面时,错过了狭窄的时间跨度。

英文摘要:

We observed the 2019 January total lunar eclipse with the Hubble Space Telescope's STIS spectrograph to obtain the first near-UV (1700-3200 $Å$) observation of Earth as a transiting exoplanet. The observatories and instruments that will be able to perform transmission spectroscopy of exo-Earths are beginning to be planned, and characterizing the transmission spectrum of Earth is vital to ensuring that key spectral features (e.g., ozone, or O$_3$) are appropriately captured in mission concept studies. O$_3$ is photochemically produced from O$_2$, a product of the dominant metabolism on Earth today, and it will be sought in future observations as critical evidence for life on exoplanets. Ground-based observations of lunar eclipses have provided the Earth's transmission spectrum at optical and near-IR wavelengths, but the strongest O$_3$ signatures are in the near-UV. We describe the observations and methods used to extract a transmission spectrum from Hubble lunar eclipse spectra, and identify spectral features of O$_3$ and Rayleigh scattering in the 3000-5500 Å region in Earth's transmission spectrum by comparing to Earth models that include refraction effects in the terrestrial atmosphere during a lunar eclipse. Our near-UV spectra are featureless, a consequence of missing the narrow time span during the eclipse when near-UV sunlight is not completely attenuated through Earth's atmosphere due to extremely strong O$_3$ absorption and when sunlight is transmitted to the lunar surface at altitudes where it passes through the O$_3$ layer rather than above it.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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