黑暗时代探测器（DEX）：位于月球背面的全孔径超长波长射电干涉仪
The Dark Ages Explorer (DEX): a filled-aperture ultra-long wavelength radio interferometer on the lunar far side
AI总结：
本文介绍了黑暗时代探测器（DEX）项目，旨在月球背面部署低频射电干涉仪以测量宇宙黑暗时代和宇宙黎明时期的中性氢21cm信号，评估了其技术可行性并指出了未来技术发展路径。
摘要：
测量宇宙黑暗时代和宇宙黎明时期（z从200到10）产生的中性氢21cm信号的空间涨落，有望揭示这些尚未探索的物质结构演化最早阶段。由于这些宇宙学信号非常微弱，需要在没有地球射电干扰和电离层扰动的位置部署大型分布式望远镜。本文介绍了一项名为Dark-ages EXplorer (DEX) 的实验的科学目标、仪器概念和技术进展，该实验将使我们能够 (a) 测量全球信号，并 (b) 测量黑暗时代和宇宙黎明时期的角密度涨落并进行视线方向层析成像。此外还简要描述了其他科学目标。该实验由一台低频射电干涉仪组成，理想情况下应位于月球背面。本文介绍了ESA Concurrent Design Facility (CDF) 研究的发现，该研究旨在评估利用当今高TRL（技术成熟度）技术实现此类系统的可行性。尽管研究发现，目前实现主要科学目标所需的天线数量尚不可行，但它指明了一条技术发展路径，能够在中期未来（即未来几十年）实现一项切实可行且有价值的实验，同时开发可应用于地球及其他月球操作的多用途技术。
英文摘要：
The measurement of the spatial fluctuations of the neutral hydrogen 21 cm signal arising during the Dark Ages and Cosmic Dawn periods of our Universe (z from 200 to 10) holds the potential to resolve these still-unexplored earliest phases of the evolution of matter structures. As these cosmological signals are very weak, large distributed telescopes are required at locations free from terrestrial radio interference and ionospheric disturbances. This paper presents a description of the scientific aims, the instrumental concept, and technological developments of an experiment - dubbed the Dark-ages EXplorer (DEX) - which would allow us to (a) measure the Global Signal and (b) measure the angular density fluctuations and conduct line-of-sight tomography in the Dark Ages and Cosmic Dawn epochs. Additional scientific goals are also briefly described. The experiment consists of a low-frequency radio interferometer, which should ideally be located on the far side of the Moon. The paper presents findings from an ESA Concurrent Design Facility (CDF) study, which was conducted to assess the feasibility of such a system using present-day technologies with a high TRL (Technology Readiness Level). Although the study finds that the number of antennas needed to achieve the primary scientific goals is not yet feasible at the moment, it points to a path of technological development that can lead to a realistic and valuable experiment in the medium-term future (i.e., the next decade(s)), as well as development of multi-purpose use technology that can be applied on Earth, and towards other lunar operations.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
