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arXiv 1607.08239astro-ph.EP
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国际深行星调查II:直接成像的具有恒星质量的巨型系外行星的频率

The International Deep Planet Survey II: The frequency of directly imaged giant exoplanets with stellar mass

Raphael Galicher, Christian Marois, Bruce Macintosh, Ben Zuckerman, Travis Barman, Quinn Konopacky, Inseok Song, Jenny Patience, David Lafreniere, Rene Doyon, Eric L. Nielsen

摘要:

径向速度和凌日方法对于研究短轨道周期的系外行星是有效的,但它们很难探测可以使用直接成像的大间隔物体。我们对292颗年轻的邻近恒星进行了国际深行星调查,以寻找巨大的系外行星并确定它们的频率。我们开发了一个管道,用于统一处理我们使用NIRC 2/Keck II、NIRI/Gemini North、NICI/Gemini South和NACO/VLT记录了14年的所有数据。流水线首先应用美容校正,然后降低散斑强度以增强图像中的对比度。国际深行星调查的主要成果是发现了HR 8799系外行星。我们还发现了59个可见多星系统,包括16个新的双星系统和2个新的三星系统,以及2,279个点状源。我们使用蒙特卡罗模拟和贝叶斯定理来确定1.05[+2.80-0.70]%的恒星至少拥有一颗0.5到14 M_J和20到300 AU之间的巨行星。这个结果是假设行星质量和半长轴均匀分布而得到的。如果我们考虑幂律分布作为近距离行星的测量结果,则推导出的频率为2.30[+5.95-1.55]%,这让人想起假设对蒙特卡罗输出分布的强烈影响。我们也没有发现任何证据表明导出的频率取决于宿主恒星的质量,而对于近距离行星则是如此。国际深层行星调查提供了一个已确认的背景来源数据库,可能对其他系外行星直接成像调查有用。它还对至少有一颗巨行星的恒星数量提出了新的限制,使几乎所有以前的作品所得出的频率减少了两倍。

英文摘要:

Radial velocity and transit methods are effective for the study of short orbital period exoplanets but they hardly probe objects at large separations for which direct imaging can be used. We carried out the international deep planet survey of 292 young nearby stars to search for giant exoplanets and determine their frequency. We developed a pipeline for a uniform processing of all the data that we have recorded with NIRC2/Keck II, NIRI/Gemini North, NICI/Gemini South, and NACO/VLT for 14 years. The pipeline first applies cosmetic corrections and then reduces the speckle intensity to enhance the contrast in the images. The main result of the international deep planet survey is the discovery of the HR 8799 exoplanets. We also detected 59 visual multiple systems including 16 new binary stars and 2 new triple stellar systems, as well as 2,279 point-like sources. We used Monte Carlo simulations and the Bayesian theorem to determine that 1.05[+2.80-0.70]% of stars harbor at least one giant planet between 0.5 and 14M_J and between 20 and 300 AU. This result is obtained assuming uniform distributions of planet masses and semi-major axes. If we consider power law distributions as measured for close-in planets instead, the derived frequency is 2.30[+5.95-1.55]%, recalling the strong impact of assumptions on Monte Carlo output distributions. We also find no evidence that the derived frequency depends on the mass of the hosting star, whereas it does for close-in planets. The international deep planet survey provides a database of confirmed background sources that may be useful for other exoplanet direct imaging surveys. It also puts new constraints on the number of stars with at least one giant planet reducing by a factor of two the frequencies derived by almost all previous works.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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