JWST spectral retrieval of cold directly imaged planet WD0806 b and the first measurement of altitude-dependent K$_{zz}$ in exoplanet atmospheres
Bay Area Environmental Research Institute(湾区环境研究所);NASA Ames Research Center(美国国家航空航天局艾姆斯研究中心);NASA Exoplanet Science Institute, Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (IPAC)(NASA系外行星科学研究所,红外处理与分析中心);Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona(亚利桑那大学月球与行星实验室);University of California Santa Cruz(加州大学圣克鲁兹分校);Steward Observatory, University of Arizona(亚利桑那大学斯图尔德天文台);NRC Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics(NRC赫尔茨伯格天文学与天体物理学研究所);Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria(维多利亚大学物理与天文学系);Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin(德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校天文学系)
Ben W. P. Lew, Thomas Roellig, Natasha E. Batalha, Nicholas F. Wogan, Thomas Greene, Mark S. Marley, Jonathan J. Fortney, Jarron Leisenring, Doug Johnstone, Mat… 展开作者
Ben W. P. Lew, Thomas Roellig, Natasha E. Batalha, Nicholas F. Wogan, Thomas Greene, Mark S. Marley, Jonathan J. Fortney, Jarron Leisenring, Doug Johnstone, Matthew De Furio, Klaus Hodapp, Charles Beichman, Marcia Rieke
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25 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in The Astronomical Journal
WD0806 b is a rare exoplanet companion orbiting a white dwarf, currently with a projected orbital distance of 2500 au. The Spitzer mid-IR photometry suggests that the temperature is as cold as 350K, making it one of the coldest directly imaged exoplanets. In this paper, we present the Near-infrared Camera (NIRCam) F150W2, F200W, F356W, and F444W broadband photometry and a 3--5\um Near-Infrared spectroscopy (NIRSpec) G395M spectrum obtained with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). We develop a new retrieval framework based on the open-source PICASO software that includes additive and multiplicative systematic parameters. Our retrieval results reveal bounded abundances of H$_2$S, CO$_2$, CO, NH$_3$, H$_2$O, and CH$_4$. We present a new chemical analysis framework that utilizes retrieved abundances to measure altitude-dependent eddy diffusion coefficients (K$_{\mathrm zz}$) at multiple quenched pressures. We find that the eddy diffusion coefficients decrease from around $10^4$ to $10^2$ $\rm cm^2/s$ as the atmospheric pressure decreases from from 50 to 20 bars. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report altitude-dependent vertical mixing (or, equivalently, quenched-species-dependent vertical mixing) based on the measured molecular abundances of CO, CH$_4$, and CO$_2$. With the 1--21\um NIRCam, NIRSpec and the previously published MIRI data, we measure the bolometric luminosity to be log(L/L$_{\odot}$) = $-6.75\pm0.01$ and derive the mass to be $8\pm 1 \mathrm{M_J}$. The retrieval results suggest that \target has an elevated C/O ratio of 0.76, or 1.3$\times$ solar, sub-solar metallicity ([M/H ]= -0.25), and a nearly solar C/S ratio (1.17x solar).
The Unrealised Interdisciplinary Advantage of Observing High Mass Transiting Exoplanets and Brown Dwarfs -- Strategic Exoplanet Initiatives with HST and JWST White Paper
Direct emission spectroscopy of exoplanets with the medium resolution imaging spectrometer on board JWST MIRI: I. Molecular mapping and sensitivity to instrumental effects
Molecular mapping of an exoplanet with JWST: NH3 detection in the temperate super-Jupiter Epsilon Indi Ab
Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie(天体物理学与行星学研究所在);École polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris(巴黎综合理工学院,巴黎理工学院);Observatoire de Paris(巴黎天文台)
利用JWST红外光谱和交叉相关技术,对直接成像的温带超级木星Epsilon Indi Ab进行分子测绘,可靠探测到NH3、H2O、CH4,并边缘性探测到CO2,验证了该方法在强恒星污染下的有效性。
A Candidate Innermost Fifth Planet In the HR 8799 System Revealed By JWST NIRISS Aperture Masking Interferometry
University of California, San Diego(加州大学圣迭戈分校);Leiden Observatory(莱顿天文台);IPAC, Caltech(加州理工学院IPAC);Macquarie University(麦考瑞大学);University of Sydney(悉尼大学);University of Victoria(维多利亚大学)
A High-Resolution Spectroscopic Survey of Directly Imaged Companion Hosts: III. Characterization of the Cold Imaged Planet Hosts AF Lep A and $ε$ Indi A
Northwestern University(西北大学);University of California, San Diego(加州大学圣地亚哥分校);California Institute of Technology(加州理工学院);University of Notre Dame(圣母大学);Space Telescope Science Institute(太空望远镜科学研究所)
本研究利用高分辨率Gemini/GHOST光谱表征冷成像行星宿主AF Lep A与ε Indi A,测得其太阳型丰度比,行星丰度相对宿主升高,支持行星核吸积形成理论。
Worlds Next Door: A Candidate Giant Planet Imaged in the Habitable Zone of $α$ Cen A. II. Binary Star Modeling, Planet and Exozodi Search, and Sensitivity Analysis
本研究利用 JWST/MIRI 首次对双星系统 $α$ Cen A 进行参考星差分成像,在宜居带发现候选巨行星 $S1$,并实现了迄今最深的外黄道盘探测灵敏度,但需后续观测确认其行星属性。
First Demonstration of Kernel Phase Interferometry on JWST/MIRI: Prospects for Future Planet Searches Around Post Main Sequence Stars
University of California, Irvine(加州大学尔湾分校);University of California, Santa Cruz(加州大学圣克鲁兹分校);University of Texas at Austin(德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校);University of Arizona(亚利桑那大学)
JWST-TST High Contrast: First Direct Spectroscopy of GJ 504 b reveals Clouds and Possible Metal Enrichment
University of California, San Diego(加州大学圣迭戈分校);Northwestern University(西北大学);Space Telescope Science Institute(太空望远镜科学研究所);University of California, Los Angeles(加州大学洛杉矶分校);California Institute of Technology(加州理工学院);Johns Hopkins University(约翰斯·霍普金斯大学)
The Sonora Substellar Atmosphere Models. II. Cholla: A Grid of Cloud-free, Solar Metallicity Models in Chemical Disequilibrium for the JWST Era
系外行星和褐矮星的大气层通常显示出化学不平衡的迹象。在詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜时代,直接成像的系外行星的高分辨率光谱将允许更详细地描述其大气层,并允许系统测试这些大气层中偏离热化学平衡的化学物质的存在。限制这些大气中不平衡化学的存在作为参数的函数,如它们的有效温度和表面重力,将使我们能够更好地约束这些大气的物理学。本文是介绍索诺拉大气网格模型的一系列工作的一部分(Marley et al 2021,Morley et al in prep.)。在本文中,我们提出了一个网格的无云,太阳的金属丰度大气的棕矮星和宽分离的巨行星的关键分子物种,如CH 4,H2O,CO和NH3的不平衡。网格覆盖了Teff~[500 K,1300 K],logg~[3.0,5.5](cgs)和logKzz=2,4和7(cgs)的大气。我们研究了网格内不同参数对大气温度和成分分布的影响。我们讨论了它们对我们的模型大气的近红外颜色的影响,以及使用JWST对CH 4,H2O,CO和NH3的探测能力。我们将我们的模型与现有的MKO和斯皮策观测的棕矮星进行比较,并验证了T矮星大气的不平衡化学的重要性。最后,我们将讨论我们的模型如何帮助约束这些大气的垂直结构和化学成分。
Radiatively Controlled Thermal Stability of High-Altitude Clouds in Exoplanetary Atmospheres
Meikei Gakuen High School(明海学园高等学校);Division of Science, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan(日本国立天文台科学部);Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI(SOKENDAI高等研究院)
Silicate Clouds, SiO, and Molecular Trends across the L-T Sequence: A JWST/MIRI LRS Spectral Library of Brown Dwarfs
The University of Western Ontario(韦仕敦大学);American Museum of Natural History(美国自然历史博物馆);Centro de Astrobiología, CSIC-INTA(天体生物学中心,CSIC-INTA);Université de Montréal(蒙特利尔大学)
ELemental abundances of Planets and brown dwarfs Imaged around Stars (ELPIS): II. The Jupiter-like Inhomogeneous Atmosphere of the First Directly Imaged Planetary-Mass Companion 2MASS 1207 b
Direct Imaging Constraints on Binary Planets and Exomoons around Epsilon Indi A b
Massachusetts Institute of Technology(麻省理工学院);University of Michigan(密歇根大学);Eureka Scientific Inc.(尤里卡科学公司);The University of Texas at Austin(德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校);Max Planck Institute for Astronomy(马克斯·普朗克天文学研究所);The University of California, Santa Cruz(加州大学圣克鲁兹分校);Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian(哈佛-史密森尼天体物理中心)
研究利用JWST/MIRI数据分析epsilon Indi A b周围的卫星,发现双星系拟合更优,但系统误差可能解释此结果,同时展示了对遥远和近处伴星的检测能力。
The JWST Early Release Science Program for Direct Observations of Exoplanetary Systems. VII. Molecular Mapping Performance with JWST/MIRI MRS: VHS 1256 b as a case study
Johns Hopkins University(约翰斯·霍普金斯大学);Space Telescope Science Institute(太空望远镜科学研究所);Observatoire de Paris(巴黎天文台);CNRS(法国国家科学研究中心);Sorbonne Université(索邦大学);Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Bordeaux(波尔多天体物理学实验室)
A High-Resolution Spectroscopic Survey of Directly Imaged Companion Hosts: I. Determination of diagnostic stellar abundances for planet formation and composition
University of California, San Diego(加州大学圣迭戈分校);University of Maryland, Baltimore County(马里兰大学巴尔的摩县分校);NASA Goddard Space Flight Center(美国宇航局戈达德太空飞行中心);University of Arizona(亚利桑那大学);Caltech-IPAC(加州理工学院IPAC);University of Notre Dame(圣母大学);Space Telescope Science Institute(太空望远镜科学研究所)
JWST MEP - A World Under Spotty Starlight: Detection of CO2 and H2O in the Hot Saturn WASP-52b with JWST NIRSpec G395H
University of Virginia(弗吉尼亚大学);University of Michigan(密歇根大学);University of St Andrews(圣安德鲁斯大学);Space Telescope Science Institute(太空望远镜科学研究所);Johns Hopkins University(约翰斯·霍普金斯大学);European Southern Observatory(欧洲南方天文台)
The JWST Sub-Jupiters Survey: Direct Imaging Discovery of a Giant Planet and a Debris Disk Around the Young M-dwarf RX J0534.0-0221
Northwestern University(西北大学);University of Arizona(亚利桑那大学);University of Maryland, Baltimore County(马里兰大学巴尔的摩分校);NASA-GSFC(美国宇航局戈达德太空飞行中心);Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI)(空间望远镜科学研究所)
A Next-Generation Exoplanet Atmospheric Retrieval Framework for Transmission Spectroscopy (NEXOTRANS): Comparative Characterization for WASP-39 b Using JWST NIRISS, NIRSpec PRISM, and MIRI Observations
Evidence for SiO cloud nucleation in the rogue planet PSO J318
ETH Zurich(苏黎世联邦理工学院);SRON Space Research Organisation Netherlands(荷兰空间研究组织);Université Paris Cité(巴黎西岱大学);Université Paris-Saclay(巴黎萨克雷大学);Radboud University(拉德堡德大学);University of Vienna(维也纳大学);Friedrich Schiller University(弗里德里希·席勒大学);University of California, Santa Cruz(加州大学圣克鲁兹分校);University of Rochester(罗切斯特大学);KU Leuven(荷语鲁汶大学);University of Edinburgh(爱丁堡大学);CSIC-INTA(西班牙国家研究委员会-国家航空航天技术研究所);Stockholm University(斯德哥尔摩大学);University of Leicester(莱斯特大学);Observatoire de Paris(巴黎天文台);American Museum of Natural History(美国自然历史博物馆);Leiden University(莱顿大学);Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies(都柏林高等研究院)
A Comprehensive Analysis of the Panchromatic Transmission Spectrum of the Hot-Saturn WASP-96 b: Nondetection of Haze, Possible Sodium Limb Asymmetry, Stellar Characterization, and Formation History