Yuzuru Inahama
T. Lyons' rough path theory is something like a deterministic version of K. Ito's theory of stochastic differential equations, combined with ideas from K. T. Chen's theory of iterated path integrals. In this article we survey rough path theory, in particular, its probabilistic aspects.
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In this paper, we study rough path properties of stochastic integrals of Itô's type and Stratonovich's type with respect to $G$-Brownian motion. The roughness of $G$-Brownian Motion is estimated and then the pathwise Norris lemma in $G$-framework is obtained.
Controlled fields, rough stochastic calculus, and Itô-Wentzell-Alekseev-Gröbner identities
本文提出了一种用于粗糙随机系统的时空受控场微积分，推导了粗糙随机伊藤-文兹尔公式，并基于前人工作建立了相关恒等式。
Calculus via regularizations and rough paths are two methods to approach stochastic integration and calculus close to pathwise calculus. The origin of rough paths theory is purely deterministic, calculus via regularization is based on deterministic techniques but there is still a probability in the background. The goal of this paper is to establish a connection between stochastically controlled-type processes, a concept reminiscent from rough paths theory, and the so-called weak Dirichlet processes. As a by-product, we present the connection between rough and Stratonovich integrals for c{à}dl{…
This paper introduces the path derivatives, in the spirit of Dupire's functional Itô calculus, for the controlled paths in the rough path theory with possibly non-geometric rough paths. The theory allows us to deal with rough integration and rough PDEs in the same manner as standard stochastic calculus. We next study rough PDEs with coefficients depending on the rough path itself, which corresponds to stochastic PDEs with random coefficients. Such coefficients is less regular in the time variable and is not covered in the existing literature. The results are useful for studying viscosity solut…
We consider anticipative Stratonovich stochastic differential equations driven by some stochastic process (not necessarily a semi-martingale). No adaptedness of initial point or vector fields is assumed. Under a simple condition on the stochastic process, we show that the unique solution of the above SDE understood in the rough path sense is actually a Stratonovich solution. This condition is satisfied by the Brownian motion and the fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameter greater than 1/4. As application, we obtain rather flexible results such as support theorems, large deviation princ…
Stochastic Calculus for Rough Fractional Brownian Motion via Operator Factorization
本文提出了一种基于算子分解的粗糙分数布朗运动随机微积分框架，通过高斯Volterra过程的规范分解，建立了显式导数公式和条件期望展开，并将Gubinelli导数识别为可预测成分，为混合半鞅-粗糙过程提供统一的微积分方法。
In this paper we study rough differential equations driven by Gaussian rough paths from the viewpoint of Malliavin calculus. Under mild assumptions on coefficient vector fields and underlying Gaussian processes, we prove that solutions at a fixed time is smooth in the sense of Malliavin calculus. Examples of Gaussian processes include fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameter larger than $1/4$.
We consider anticipative Stratonovich stochastic differential equations driven by some stochastic process lifted to a rough path. Neither adaptedness of initial point and vector fields nor commuting conditions between vector field is assumed. Under a simple condition on the stochastic process, we show that the unique solution of the above SDE understood in the rough path sense is actually a Stratonovich solution. We then show that this condition is satisfied by the Brownian motion. As application, we obtain rather flexible results such as support theorems, large deviation principles and Wong--…
Malliavin Calculus for rough stochastic differential equations
本文证明粗糙随机微分方程是 Malliavin 可微的，并在椭圆性或 Hörmander 条件下证明解密度的存在性与光滑性，关键发展了线性 RSDE 理论。
Let $B=(B_1(t),..,B_d(t))$ be a $d$-dimensional fractional Brownian motion with Hurst index $α\le 1/4$, or more generally a Gaussian process whose paths have the same local regularity. Defining properly iterated integrals of $B$ is a difficult task because of the low Hölder regularity index of its paths. Yet rough path theory shows it is the key to the construction of a stochastic calculus with respect to $B$, or to solving differential equations driven by $B$. We intend to show in a forthcoming series of papers how to desingularize iterated integrals by a weak singular non-Gaussian perturbati…
We study different possibilities to apply the principles of rough paths theory in a non-commutative probability setting. First, we extend previous results obtained by Capitaine, Donati-Martin and Victoir in Lyons' original formulation of rough paths theory. Then we settle the bases of an alternative non-commutative integration procedure, in the spirit of Gubinelli's controlled paths theory, and which allows us to revisit the constructions of Biane and Speicher in the free Brownian case. New approximation results are also derived from the strategy.
We extend some results about Föllmer's pathwise Itô calculus that have only been derived for continuous paths to càdlàg paths with quadratic variation. We study some fundamental properties of pathwise Itô integrals with respect to càdlàg integrators, especially associativity and the integration by parts formula. Moreover, we study integral equations with respect to pathwise Itô integrals. We prove that some classes of integral equations, which can be explicitly solved in the usual stochastic calculus, can also be solved within the framework of Föllmer's calculus.
Using fractional calculus we define integrals of the form $% \int_{a}^{b}f(x_{t})dy_{t}$, where $x$ and $y$ are vector-valued Hölder continuous functions of order $\displaystyle β\in (\frac13, \frac12)$ and $f$ is a continuously differentiable function such that $f'$ is $λ$-Höldr continuous for some $λ>\frac1β-2$. Under some further smooth conditions on $f$ the integral is a continuous functional of $x$, $y$, and the tensor product $x\otimes y$ with respect to the Hölder norms. We derive some estimates for these integrals and we solve differential equations driven by the function $y$. We discu…
Itô formula for reduced rough paths
本文在粗糙路径理论框架下推广约化粗糙路径的 Itô 公式，将适用粗糙度范围扩展至更奇异的 $\frac{1}{4}<α\leq\frac{1}{3}$。
Sensitivity analysis of path-dependent options in an incomplete market with pathwise functional Ito calculus
本文利用路径wise泛函Itô微积分推导泛函Itô公式与Feynman-Kac公式，并将路径依赖期权的Greeks表示为可用蒙特卡洛模拟高效计算的期望，最后在Black-Scholes框架下以数字期权为例进行验证。
In this article, we derive a Stratonovich and Skorohod type change of variables formula for a multidimensional Gaussian process with low Hölder regularity (typically lower than 1/4). To this aim, we combine tools from rough paths theory and stochastic analysis.
New asymptotic expansion formula via Malliavin calculus and its application to rough differential equation driven by fractional Brownian motion
本文提出了一种基于Malliavin变分法的多维Wiener泛函期望新型渐近展开公式，在较弱条件下证明了一致估计，并应用于分数布朗运动驱动的粗糙微分方程，数值实验验证了其优于正态近似的有效性。
The paper reminds the basic ideas of stochastic calculus via regularizations in Banach spaces and its applications to the study of strict solutions of Kolmogorov path dependent equations associated with "windows" of diffusion processes. One makes the link between the Banach space approach and the so called functional stochastic calculus. When no strict solutions are available one describes the notion of strong-viscosity solution which alternative (in infinite dimension) to the classical notion of viscosity solution.
We describe stochastic calculus in the context of processes that are driven by an adapted point process of locally finite intensity and are differentiable between jumps. This includes Markov chains as well as non-Markov processes. By analogy with Itô processes we define the drift and diffusivity, which we then use to describe a general sample path estimate. We then give several examples, including ODE approximation, processes with linear drift, first passage times, and an application to the stochastic logistic model.
In this paper, we establish the theory of nonlinear rough paths. We give the definition of nonlinear rough paths, and develop the integrals. Then, we study differential equations driven by nonlinear rough paths. Afterwards, we compare the nonlinear rough paths and classic theory of linear rough paths. Finally, we apply this theory to rough partial differential equations.
Functional Itô calculus was introduced in order to expand a functional $F(t, X\_{\cdot+t}, X\_t)$ depending on time $t$, past and present values of the process $X$. Another possibility to expand $F(t, X\_{\cdot+t}, X\_t)$ consists in considering the path $X\_{\cdot+t}=\{X\_{x+t},\,x\in[-T,0]\}$ as an element of the Banach space of continuous functions on $C([-T,0])$ and to use Banach space stochastic calculus. The aim of this paper is threefold. 1) To reformulate functional Itô calculus, separating time and past, making use of the regularization procedures which matches more naturally the noti…
A partial rough path space for rough volatility
本文为粗糙波动率模型构建偏粗糙路径空间，证明路径级大偏差原理，描述短期隐含波动率极限行为。
Due to recent developments of Malliavin calculus for rough differential equations, it is now known that, under natural assumptions, the law of a unique solution at a fixed time has a smooth density function. Therefore, it is quite natural to ask whether or when the density is strictly positive. In this paper we study this problem from the viewpoint of Aida-Kusuoka-Stroock's general theory.
Integration of branched rough paths
本文研究了分支p-粗糙路径积分的构造及其在粗糙路径度量下的连续性，并证明了其与相关Π-粗糙路径积分的一致性。
In this paper we derive a Bismut-Elworthy-Li type formula with respect to strong solutions to singular stochastic differential equations (SDE's) with additive noise given by a multi-dimensional fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameter $H<1/2$. "Singular" here means that the drift vector field of such equations is allowed to be merely bounded and integrable. As an application we use this representation formula for the study of price sensitivities of financial claims based on a stock price model with stochastic volatility, whose dynamics is described by means of fractional Brownian motion…
We construct a procedure for Bogoliubov-Parasiuk-Hepp-Zimmermann (BPHZ) renormalization of a rough path in view of the relation between rough path theory and regularity structure. We also provide a plain expression of the BPHZ-renormalized model in a rough path. BPHZ renormalization plays a central role in the theory of singular stochastic partial differential equations and assures the convergence of the model in the regularity structure. Here we demonstrate that the renormalization is also effective in a rough path setting by considering its application to rough path theory and mathematical f…
In line with the notion of probabilistic rough paths introduced in the previous contribution \cite{salkeld2021Probabilistic}, we address corresponding random controlled rough paths (first introduced in \cite{2019arXiv180205882.2B}), the structure of which is indexed by Lions forests. These are statistical distributions over the space of paths described by the combination of a jet on the underlying probabilistic rough path and a remainder term. The regularity of the latter facilitates the definition of a rough integral. We establish closedness and stability of two key operators on random contro…
The $d$-dimensional fractional Brownian motion (FBM for short) $B_t=((B_t^{(1)},...,B_t^{(d)}),t\in\mathbb{R})$ with Hurst exponent $α$, $α\in(0,1)$, is a $d$-dimensional centered, self-similar Gaussian process with covariance ${\mathbb{E}}[B_s^{(i)}B _t^{(j)}]={1/2}δ_{i,j}(|s|^{2α}+|t|^{2α}-|t-s|^{2 α}).$ The long-standing problem of defining a stochastic integration with respect to FBM (and the related problem of solving stochastic differential equations driven by FBM) has been addressed successfully by several different methods, although in each case with a restriction on the range of eithe…
We introduce the space of rough paths with Sobolev regularity and the corresponding concept of controlled Sobolev paths. Based on these notions, we study rough path integration and rough differential equations. As main result, we prove that the solution map associated to differential equations driven by rough paths is a locally Lipschitz continuous map on the Sobolev rough path space for any arbitrary low regularity $α$ and integrability $p$ provided $α>1/p$.
Approximate Transitivity of Young Translation on Rough Paths
本文证明在粗糙路径空间中Young平移具有稠密轨道，并应用于随机级数和Gaussian过程（包括非中心分数布朗粗糙路径）的全支撑准则。
We analyze common lifts of stochastic processes to rough paths/rough drivers-valued processes and give sufficient conditions for the cocycle property to hold for these lifts. We show that random rough differential equations driven by such lifts induce random dynamical systems. In particular, our results imply that rough differential equations driven by the lift of fractional Brownian motion in the sense of Friz-Victoir induce random dynamical systems.
Itô--Föllmer Calculus in Banach Spaces I: The Itô Formula
本文证明了取值于 Banach 空间的 càdlàg 路径的 Föllmer 逐路 Itô 公式，并放宽了处理路径二次变差时对分割序列的假设。
We consider finite dimensional rough differential equations driven by centered Gaussian processes. Combining Malliavin calculus, rough paths techniques and interpolation inequalities, we establish upper bounds on the density of the corresponding solution for any fixed time $t>0$. In addition, we provide Varadhan estimates for the asymptotic behavior of the density for small noise. The emphasis is on working with general Gaussian processes with covariance function satisfying suitable abstract, checkable conditions.
Regularization by noise for rough differential equations driven by Gaussian rough paths
本文研究了由Gaussian粗糙路径驱动的粗糙微分方程，在非确定性和一致椭圆性条件下证明了低正则性漂移的逐路径适定性，并利用流变换和Malliavin计算确定了分数布朗运动下漂移的Hölder连续性界限。
We prove an extension to the classical continuity theorem in rough paths. We show that two $p$-rough paths are close in all levels of iterated integrals provided the first $\lfl p \rfl$ terms are close in a uniform sense. Applications include estimation of the difference of the signatures of two uniformly close paths and convergence rates of Gaussian rough paths.
Following the approach and the terminology introduced in [A. Deya and R. Schott, On the rough paths approach to non-commutative stochastic calculus, J. Funct. Anal., 2013], we construct a product L{é}vy area above the $q$-Brownian motion (for $q\in [0,1)$) and use this object to study differential equations driven by the process.We also provide a detailled comparison between the resulting "rough" integral and the stochastic "It{ô}" integral exhibited by Donati-Martin in [C. Donati-Martin, Stochastic integration with respect to $q$ Brownian motion, Probab. Theory Related Fields, 2003].
We consider rough paths with jumps. In particular, the analogue of Lyons' extension theorem and rough integration are established in a jump setting, offering a pathwise view on stochastic integration against cadlag processes. A class of Levy rough paths is introduced and characterized by a sub-ellipticity condition on the left-invariant diffusion vector fields and and a certain integrability property of the Carnot--Caratheodory norm with respect to the Levy measure on the group, using Hunt's framework of Lie group valued Levy processes. Examples of Levy rough paths include standard multi-dimen…
In this article we investigate the rough paths structure of a process $X_t$ living in a fixed Wiener chaos. Specifically, we formulate various types of rough lifts of $X_t$ and study their properties. As application, we study the integrabilities of quantities related to rough differential equations driven by $X_t$.
We study the Small Ball Probabilities (SBPs) of Gaussian rough paths. While many works on rough paths study the Large Deviations Principles (LDPs) for stochastic processes driven by Gaussian rough paths, it is a noticeable gap in the literature that SBPs have not been extended to the rough path framework. LDPs provide macroscopic information about a measure for establishing Integrability type properties. SBPs provide microscopic information and are used to establish a locally accurate approximation for a measure. Given the compactness of a Reproducing Kernel Hilbert space (RKHS) ball, its metr…
First, we revisit functional Itô/path-dependent calculus started by B. Dupire, R. Cont and D.-A. Fournié, using the formulation of calculus via regularization. Relations with the corresponding Banach space valued calculus introduced by C. Di Girolami and the second named author are explored. The second part of the paper is devoted to the study of the Kolmogorov type equation associated with the so called window Brownian motion, called path-dependent heat equation, for which well-posedness at the level of classical solutions is established. Then, a notion of strong approximating solution, calle…
In this paper we prove the derivative process of a rough differential equation driven by Brownian rough path has finite $L^r$-moment for any $r /ge 1$. Thanks to Burkholder-Davis-Gundy's inequality, this kind of problem is easy in the usual SDE theory. In the context of rough path theory, however, it does not seem so obvious.
Malliavin Calculus is about Sobolev-type regularity of functionals on Wiener space, the main example being the Ito map obtained by solving stochastic differential equations. Rough path analysis is about strong regularity of solution to (possibly stochastic) differential equations. We combine arguments of both theories and discuss existence of a density for solutions to stochastic differential equations driven by a general class of non-degenerate Gaussian processes, including processes with sample path regularity worse than Brownian motion.
Based on a dyadic approximation of Itô integrals, we show the existence of Itô càdlàg rough paths above general semimartingales, suitable Gaussian processes and non-negative typical price paths. Furthermore, Lyons-Victoir extension theorem for càdlàg paths is presented, stating that every càdlàg path of finite $p$-variation can be lifted to a rough path.
Donsker's invariance principle is shown to hold for random walks in rough path topology. As application, we obtain Donsker-type weak limit theorems for stochastic integrals and differential equations.
This article shows an Itô-Wentzell type formula adapted to rough paths with $α$-Hölder regularity $α\in (\frac{1}{3},\frac{1}{2}]$. We improve previous results of R. Castrequini and P. Catuogno for the Young integral and C. Keller and J. Zhang for rough paths.
We develop the rough path counterpart of Itô stochastic integration and - differential equations driven by general semimartingales. This significantly enlarges the classes of (Itô / forward) stochastic differential equations treatable with pathwise methods. A number of applications are discussed.
In this paper we establish a Taylor-like expansion in the context of the rough path theory for a family of It ^{o} maps indexed by a small parameter. We treat not only the case that the roughness $p$ satisfies $[p]=2$, but also the case that $[p] ge 3$. As an application, we discuss the Laplace asymptotics for It^{o} functionals of Brownian rough paths.
We introduce a pathwise integration for Volterra processes driven by Lévy noise or martingale noise. These processes are widely used in applications to turbulence, signal processes, biology, and in environmental finance. Indeed they constitute a very flexible class of models, which include fractional Brownian and Lévy motions and it is part of the so-called ambit fields. A pathwise integration with respect of such Volterra processes aims at producing a framework where modelling is easily understandable from an information perspective. The techniques used are based on fractional calculus and in…
We go ahead with the study initiated in [3] about a heat-equation model with non-linear perturbation driven by a space-time fractional noise. Using general results from Hairer's theory of regularity structures, the analysis reduces to the construction of a so-called K-rough path (above the noise), a notion we introduce here as a compromise between regularity structures formalism and rough paths theory. The exhibition of such a K-rough path at order three allows us to cover the whole roughness domain that extends up to the standard space-time white noise situation. We also provide a representat…
We study a notion of local time for a continuous path, defined as a limit of suitable discrete quantities along a general sequence of partitions of the time interval. Our approach subsumes other existing definitions and agrees with the usual (stochastic) local times a.s. for paths of a continuous semimartingale. We establish pathwise version of the Itô-Tanaka, change of variables and change of time formulae. We provide equivalent conditions for existence of pathwise local time. Finally, we study in detail how the limiting objects, the quadratic variation and the local time, depend on the choic…
We consider a differential equation driven by a Brownian motion as well as a rough path. We prove a Girsanov-type result for this equation to construct a weak solution in the probabilistic sense.
Introduction to rough paths theory
本文基于2022年巴西概率学校课程，简明介绍里昂粗糙路径理论，重点阐述其在随机微分方程中的应用。
Lyons' Rough Path theory is currently formulated in p-variation topology. We extend his main-result, the Universal Limit Theorem, to a stronger Hoelder topology. Several approximations to Brownian Rough Paths are studied. As application of our approach, we obtain the celebrated support theorem (in Hoelder-topology) as immediate (!) corollary.
Starting from the construction of a geometric rough path associated with a fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameter $H\in]{1/4}, {1/2}[$ given by Coutin and Qian (2002), we prove a large deviation principle in the space of geometric rough paths, extending classical results on Gaussian processes. As a by-product, geometric rough paths associated to elements of the reproducing kernel Hilbert space of the fractional Brownian motion are obtained and an explicit integral representation is given.
In rough stochastic PDE theory of Hairer type, rough path lifts with respect to the space variable of two-parameter continuous Gaussian processes play a main role. A prominent example of such processes is the solution of the stochastic heat equation under the periodic condition. The main objective of this paper is to show that the law of the spatial lift of this process satisfies a Schilder type large deviation principle on the continuous path space over a geometric rough path space.
Rough paths below the Young threshold: an exact scale calculus and the locality phase transition at one quarter
本文证明分数布朗运动中H=1/4是可测局域性的精确阈值，并引入精确尺度演算，区分粗糙路径的存在性与局部可恢复性。
Recently, Hairer--Pillai proposed the notion of $θ$-roughness of a path which leads to a deterministic Norris lemma. In the Gubinelli framework (Hoelder, level 2) of rough paths, they were then able to prove a Hoermander type result (SDEs driven by fractional Brownian motion, $H>1/3$). We take a step back and propose a natural "roughness" condition relative to a given $p$-rough path in the sense of Lyons; the aim being a Doob-Meyer result for rough integrals in the sense of Lyons. The interest in our (weaker) condition is that it is immediately verified for large classes of Gaussian processes,…
Random dynamical systems generated by rough differential equations driven by controlled rough paths
本文研究由受控粗糙路径驱动的粗糙微分方程，通过典范提升建立路径wise适定性，构造可微解余圈，并证明局部稳定、不稳定和中心流形的不变性。
In 1990, in Itô's stochastic calculus framework, Aubin and Da Prato established a necessary and sufficient condition of invariance of a nonempty compact or convex subset $C$ of $\mathbb R^d$ ($d\in\mathbb N^*$) for stochastic differential equations (SDE) driven by a Brownian motion. In Lyons rough paths framework, this paper deals with an extension of Aubin and Da Prato's results to rough differential equations. A comparison theorem is provided, and the special case of differential equations driven by a fractional Brownian motion is detailed.
We construct a quasi-sure version (in the sense of Malliavin) of geometric rough paths associated with a Gaussian process with long-time memory. As an application we establish a large deviation principle (LDP) for capacities for such Gaussian rough paths. Together with Lyons' universal limit theorem, our results yield immediately the corresponding results for pathwise solutions to stochastic differential equations driven by such Gaussian process in the sense of rough paths. Moreover, our LDP result implies the result of Yoshida on the LDP for capacities over the abstract Wiener space associate…
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