Calculus via regularizations and rough paths are two methods to approach stochastic integration and calculus close to pathwise calculus. The origin of rough paths theory is purely deterministic, calculus via regularization is based on deterministic techniques but there is still a probability in the background. The goal of this paper is to establish a connection between stochastically controlled-type processes, a concept reminiscent from rough paths theory, and the so-called weak Dirichlet processes. As a by-product, we present the connection between rough and Stratonovich integrals for c{à}dl{à}g weak Dirichlet processes integrands and continuous semimartingales integrators.
We consider the stochastic continuity equation perturbed by a fractional Brownian motion and the drift is allowed to be discontinuous. We show that for almost all paths of the fractional Brownian motion there exists a solution to the equation.
We consider two related linear PDE's perturbed by a fractional Brownian motion. We allow the drift to be discontinuous, in which case the corresponding deterministic equation is ill-posed. However, the noise will be shown to have a regularizing effect on the equations in the sense that we can prove existence of solutions for almost all paths of the fractional Brownian motion.
In this paper, we establish the theory of nonlinear rough paths. We give the definition of nonlinear rough paths, and develop the integrals. Then, we study differential equations driven by nonlinear rough paths. Afterwards, we compare the nonlinear rough paths and classic theory of linear rough paths. Finally, we apply this theory to rough partial differential equations.
We construct a procedure for Bogoliubov-Parasiuk-Hepp-Zimmermann (BPHZ) renormalization of a rough path in view of the relation between rough path theory and regularity structure. We also provide a plain expression of the BPHZ-renormalized model in a rough path. BPHZ renormalization plays a central role in the theory of singular stochastic partial differential equations and assures the convergence of the model in the regularity structure. Here we demonstrate that the renormalization is also effective in a rough path setting by considering its application to rough path theory and mathematical f…
In line with the notion of probabilistic rough paths introduced in the previous contribution \cite{salkeld2021Probabilistic}, we address corresponding random controlled rough paths (first introduced in \cite{2019arXiv180205882.2B}), the structure of which is indexed by Lions forests. These are statistical distributions over the space of paths described by the combination of a jet on the underlying probabilistic rough path and a remainder term. The regularity of the latter facilitates the definition of a rough integral. We establish closedness and stability of two key operators on random contro…
We introduce the space of rough paths with Sobolev regularity and the corresponding concept of controlled Sobolev paths. Based on these notions, we study rough path integration and rough differential equations. As main result, we prove that the solution map associated to differential equations driven by rough paths is a locally Lipschitz continuous map on the Sobolev rough path space for any arbitrary low regularity $α$ and integrability $p$ provided $α>1/p$.
We analyze common lifts of stochastic processes to rough paths/rough drivers-valued processes and give sufficient conditions for the cocycle property to hold for these lifts. We show that random rough differential equations driven by such lifts induce random dynamical systems. In particular, our results imply that rough differential equations driven by the lift of fractional Brownian motion in the sense of Friz-Victoir induce random dynamical systems.
We prove an extension to the classical continuity theorem in rough paths. We show that two $p$-rough paths are close in all levels of iterated integrals provided the first $\lfl p \rfl$ terms are close in a uniform sense. Applications include estimation of the difference of the signatures of two uniformly close paths and convergence rates of Gaussian rough paths.
We consider rough paths with jumps. In particular, the analogue of Lyons' extension theorem and rough integration are established in a jump setting, offering a pathwise view on stochastic integration against cadlag processes. A class of Levy rough paths is introduced and characterized by a sub-ellipticity condition on the left-invariant diffusion vector fields and and a certain integrability property of the Carnot--Caratheodory norm with respect to the Levy measure on the group, using Hunt's framework of Lie group valued Levy processes. Examples of Levy rough paths include standard multi-dimen…
In this paper, we study rough path properties of stochastic integrals of Itô's type and Stratonovich's type with respect to $G$-Brownian motion. The roughness of $G$-Brownian Motion is estimated and then the pathwise Norris lemma in $G$-framework is obtained.
In this article we investigate the rough paths structure of a process $X_t$ living in a fixed Wiener chaos. Specifically, we formulate various types of rough lifts of $X_t$ and study their properties. As application, we study the integrabilities of quantities related to rough differential equations driven by $X_t$.
We study the Small Ball Probabilities (SBPs) of Gaussian rough paths. While many works on rough paths study the Large Deviations Principles (LDPs) for stochastic processes driven by Gaussian rough paths, it is a noticeable gap in the literature that SBPs have not been extended to the rough path framework. LDPs provide macroscopic information about a measure for establishing Integrability type properties. SBPs provide microscopic information and are used to establish a locally accurate approximation for a measure. Given the compactness of a Reproducing Kernel Hilbert space (RKHS) ball, its metr…
In this paper we prove the derivative process of a rough differential equation driven by Brownian rough path has finite $L^r$-moment for any $r /ge 1$. Thanks to Burkholder-Davis-Gundy's inequality, this kind of problem is easy in the usual SDE theory. In the context of rough path theory, however, it does not seem so obvious.
Based on a dyadic approximation of Itô integrals, we show the existence of Itô càdlàg rough paths above general semimartingales, suitable Gaussian processes and non-negative typical price paths. Furthermore, Lyons-Victoir extension theorem for càdlàg paths is presented, stating that every càdlàg path of finite $p$-variation can be lifted to a rough path.
Donsker's invariance principle is shown to hold for random walks in rough path topology. As application, we obtain Donsker-type weak limit theorems for stochastic integrals and differential equations.
This article shows an Itô-Wentzell type formula adapted to rough paths with $α$-Hölder regularity $α\in (\frac{1}{3},\frac{1}{2}]$. We improve previous results of R. Castrequini and P. Catuogno for the Young integral and C. Keller and J. Zhang for rough paths.
We develop the rough path counterpart of Itô stochastic integration and - differential equations driven by general semimartingales. This significantly enlarges the classes of (Itô / forward) stochastic differential equations treatable with pathwise methods. A number of applications are discussed.
In this paper we establish a Taylor-like expansion in the context of the rough path theory for a family of It ^{o} maps indexed by a small parameter. We treat not only the case that the roughness $p$ satisfies $[p]=2$, but also the case that $[p] ge 3$. As an application, we discuss the Laplace asymptotics for It^{o} functionals of Brownian rough paths.
We go ahead with the study initiated in [3] about a heat-equation model with non-linear perturbation driven by a space-time fractional noise. Using general results from Hairer's theory of regularity structures, the analysis reduces to the construction of a so-called K-rough path (above the noise), a notion we introduce here as a compromise between regularity structures formalism and rough paths theory. The exhibition of such a K-rough path at order three allows us to cover the whole roughness domain that extends up to the standard space-time white noise situation. We also provide a representat…
We consider a differential equation driven by a Brownian motion as well as a rough path. We prove a Girsanov-type result for this equation to construct a weak solution in the probabilistic sense.
Lyons' Rough Path theory is currently formulated in p-variation topology. We extend his main-result, the Universal Limit Theorem, to a stronger Hoelder topology. Several approximations to Brownian Rough Paths are studied. As application of our approach, we obtain the celebrated support theorem (in Hoelder-topology) as immediate (!) corollary.
Starting from the construction of a geometric rough path associated with a fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameter $H\in]{1/4}, {1/2}[$ given by Coutin and Qian (2002), we prove a large deviation principle in the space of geometric rough paths, extending classical results on Gaussian processes. As a by-product, geometric rough paths associated to elements of the reproducing kernel Hilbert space of the fractional Brownian motion are obtained and an explicit integral representation is given.
In rough stochastic PDE theory of Hairer type, rough path lifts with respect to the space variable of two-parameter continuous Gaussian processes play a main role. A prominent example of such processes is the solution of the stochastic heat equation under the periodic condition. The main objective of this paper is to show that the law of the spatial lift of this process satisfies a Schilder type large deviation principle on the continuous path space over a geometric rough path space.
Recently, Hairer--Pillai proposed the notion of $θ$-roughness of a path which leads to a deterministic Norris lemma. In the Gubinelli framework (Hoelder, level 2) of rough paths, they were then able to prove a Hoermander type result (SDEs driven by fractional Brownian motion, $H>1/3$). We take a step back and propose a natural "roughness" condition relative to a given $p$-rough path in the sense of Lyons; the aim being a Doob-Meyer result for rough integrals in the sense of Lyons. The interest in our (weaker) condition is that it is immediately verified for large classes of Gaussian processes,…
Random dynamical systems generated by rough differential equations driven by controlled rough paths
School of Mathematics and Statistics, Lanzhou University（兰州大学数学与统计学院）；Gansu Provincial Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Mathematics and Statistics（甘肃省数学与统计学基础学科研究中心）
We construct a quasi-sure version (in the sense of Malliavin) of geometric rough paths associated with a Gaussian process with long-time memory. As an application we establish a large deviation principle (LDP) for capacities for such Gaussian rough paths. Together with Lyons' universal limit theorem, our results yield immediately the corresponding results for pathwise solutions to stochastic differential equations driven by such Gaussian process in the sense of rough paths. Moreover, our LDP result implies the result of Yoshida on the LDP for capacities over the abstract Wiener space associate…
We construct an explicit transitive free action of a Banach space of Hölder functions on the space of branched rough paths, which yields in particular a bijection between theses two spaces. This endows the space of branched rough paths with the structure of a principal homogeneous space over a Banach space and allows to characterize its automorphisms. The construction is based on the Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff formula, on a constructive version of the Lyons-Victoir extension theorem and on the Hairer-Kelly map, which allows to describe branched rough paths in terms of anisotropic geometric rough…
We consider a geometric rough path associated with a fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameter $H\in]{1/4}, {1/2}[$. We give an approximation result in a modulus type distance, up to the second order, by means of a sequence of rough paths lying above elements of the reproducing kernel Hilbert space.
Based on the recent development of the framework of Volterra rough paths, we consider here the probabilistic construction of the Volterra rough path associated to the fractional Brownian motion with $H>\frac{1}{2}$ and for the standard Brownian motion. The Volterra kernel $k(t,s)$ is allowed to be singular, and behaving similar to $|t-s|^{-γ}$ for some $γ\geq 0$. The construction is done in both the Stratonovich and Itô sense. It is based on a modified Garsia-Rodemich-Romsey lemma which has an interest in its own right, as well as tools from Malliavin calculus. A discussion of challenges and p…
In this article, we illustrate the flexibility of the algebraic integration formalism introduced by M. Gubinelli (2004), by establishing an existence and uniqueness result for delay equations driven by rough paths. We then apply our results to the case where the driving path is a fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameter H>1/3.
T. Lyons' rough path theory is something like a deterministic version of K. Ito's theory of stochastic differential equations, combined with ideas from K. T. Chen's theory of iterated path integrals. In this article we survey rough path theory, in particular, its probabilistic aspects.
The solution of rough differential equation, driven by the Itô signature of a continuous local martingale, exists uniquely a.s. when the vector field is Lip(β) for β> 1, and coincides a.s. with the Itô signature of the solution of parallel stochastic differential equation. Moreover, the Itô solution can be recovered pathwisely by concatenating discounted Stratonovich solutions.
We construct in this article a rough path over fractional Brownian motion with arbitrary Hurst index by (i) using the Fourier normal ordering algorithm introduced in \cite{Unt-Holder} to reduce the problem to that of regularizing tree iterated integrals and (ii) applying the Bogolioubov-Parasiuk-Hepp-Zimmermann (BPHZ) renormalization algorithm to Feynman diagrams representing tree iterated integrals.
We define a characteristic function for probability measures on the signatures of geometric rough paths. We determine sufficient conditions under which a random variable is uniquely determined by its expected signature, thus partially solving the analogue of the moment problem. We furthermore study analyticity properties of the characteristic function and prove a method of moments for weak convergence of random variables. We apply our results to signature arising from Lévy, Gaussian and Markovian rough paths.
We work in the context of Markovian rough paths associated to a class of uniformly subelliptic Dirichlet forms [25] and prove a better-than-exponential tail estimate for the accummulated local p-variation functional, which has been introduced and studied in [17]. We comment on the significance of these estimates to a range of currently-studied problems, including the recent results of Chevyrev and Lyons in [18].
We introduce the (path-valued) Brownian frame process whose evaluation at time t is the sample path of the underlying Brownian motion run from time t-1 to t. Due to its connections with Gaussian Volterra processes and SDDEs this is an interesting object to study. The first part deals with path-wise properties of the Brownian frame process in the p-variation norm. The second part shows the non-existence of a Levy area random variable in a particular norm, revealing the difficulty in establishing a Rough Path integration theory for the Brownian Frame process.
We consider additive functionals of stationary Markov processes and show that under Kipnis-Varadhan type conditions they converge in rough path topology to a Stratonovich Brownian motion, with a correction to the Levy area that can be described in terms of the asymmetry (non-reversibility) of the underlying Markov process. We apply this abstract result to three model problems: First we study random walks with random conductances under the annealed law. If we consider the Ito rough path, then we see a correction to the iterated integrals even though the underlying Markov process is reversible. …
We study Donsker-Watanabe's delta functions associated with strongly hypoelliptic diffusion processes indexed by a small parameter. They are finite Borel measures on the Wiener space and admit a rough path lift. Our main result is a large deviation principle of Schilder type for the lifted measures on the geometric rough path space as the scale parameter tends to zero. As a corollary, we obtain a large deviation principle conjectured by Takanobu and Watanabe, which is a generalization of a large deviation principle of Freidlin-Wentzell type for pinned diffusion processes.
We consider finite dimensional rough differential equations driven by centered Gaussian processes. Combining Malliavin calculus, rough paths techniques and interpolation inequalities, we establish upper bounds on the density of the corresponding solution for any fixed time $t>0$. In addition, we provide Varadhan estimates for the asymptotic behavior of the density for small noise. The emphasis is on working with general Gaussian processes with covariance function satisfying suitable abstract, checkable conditions.
Universal limit theorem for rough differential equations driven by controlled rough paths
School of Mathematics and Statistics, Lanzhou University（兰州大学数学与统计学院）；Gansu Provincial Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Mathematics and Statistics（甘肃省数学与统计学基础学科研究中心）
We establish two results concerning a class of geometric rough paths $\mathbf{X}$ which arise as Markov processes associated to uniformly subelliptic Dirichlet forms. The first is a support theorem for $\mathbf{X}$ in $α$-Hölder rough path topology for all $α\in (0,1/2)$, which answers in the positive a conjecture of Friz-Victoir (2010). The second is a Hörmander-type theorem for the existence of a density of a rough differential equation driven by $\mathbf{X}$, the proof of which is based on analysis of (non-symmetric) Dirichlet forms on manifolds.
In the spirit of Marcus canonical stochastic differential equations, we study a similar notion of rough differential equations (RDEs), notably dropping the assumption of continuity prevalent in the rough path literature. A new metric is exhibited in which the solution map is a continuous function of the driving rough path and a so-called path function, which directly models the effect of the jump on the system. In a second part, we show that general multidimensional semimartingales admit canonically defined rough path lifts. An extension of Lépingle's BDG inequality to this setting is given, a…
In [1], we proved the existence of solutions to reflected rough differential equations based on an idea of Euler approximation of the solutions which is due to Davie [6]. In this paper, we prove the existence theorem under weaker assumptions than those in [1] by using the notion of Gubinelli's controlled path [14].
We consider the classical estimation problem of an unknown drift parameter within classes of nondegenerate diffusion processes. Using rough path theory (in the sense of T. Lyons), we analyze the Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE) with regard to its pathwise stability properties as well as robustness toward misspecification in volatility and even the very nature of the noise. Two numerical examples demonstrate the practical relevance of our results.
In this paper, we obtain the existence of random attractors for a class of evolution equations driven by a geometric fractional Brownian rough path with Hurst index $H\in(\frac{1}{3},\frac{1}{2}]$ and establish the upper semi-continuity of random attractors $\mathcal{A}_η$ for the approximated systems of the evolution equations.
We introduce a differential structure for the space of weakly geometric p rough paths over a Banach space V for 2<p<3. We begin by considering a certain natural family of smooth rough paths and differentiating in the truncated tensor series. The resulting object has a clear interpretation, even for non-smooth rough paths, which we take to be an element of the tangent space. We can associate it uniquely to an equivalence class of curves, with equivalence defined by our differential structure. Thus, for a functional on rough path space, we can define the derivative in a tangent direction analogo…
We prove weak Poincare inequalities on domains which are inverse images of open sets in Wiener spaces under continuous functions of Brownian rough paths. The result is applicable to Dirichlet forms on loop groups and connected open subsets of path spaces over compact Riemannian manifolds.
Fourier normal ordering \cite{Unt09bis} is a new algorithm to construct explicit rough paths over arbitrary Hölder-continuous multidimensional paths. We apply in this article the Fourier normal ordering ordering algorithm to the construction of an explicit rough path over multi-dimensional fractional Brownian motion $B$ with arbitrary Hurst index $α$ (in particular, for $α\le 1/4$, which was till now an open problem) by regularizing the iterated integrals of the analytic approximation of $B$ defined in \cite{Unt08}. The regularization procedure is applied to 'Fourier normal ordered' iterated i…
The present paper is devoted to the study of sample paths of G-Brownian motion and stochastic differential equations (SDEs) driven by G-Brownian motion from the view of rough path theory. As the starting point, we show that quasi-surely, sample paths of G-Brownian motion can be enhanced to the second level in a canonical way so that they become geometric rough paths of roughness 2 < p < 3. This result enables us to introduce the notion of rough differential equations (RDEs) driven by G-Brownian motion in the pathwise sense under the general framework of rough paths. Next we establish the funda…
We formulate indefinite integration with respect to an irregular function as an algebraic problem and provide a criterion for the existence and uniqueness of a solution. This allows us to define a good notion of integral with respect to irregular paths with Hoelder exponent greater than 1/3 (e.g. samples of Brownian motion) and study the problem of the existence, uniqueness and continuity of solution of differential equations driven by such paths. We recover Young's theory of integration and the main results of Lyons' theory of rough paths in Hoelder topology.
