In this paper we establish a new lattice description for superspecial abelian varieties over a finite field $\mathbb {F}_q$ of $q=p^a$ elements. Our description depends on the parity of the exponent $a$ of $q$. When $q$ is an odd power of the prime $p$, we give an explicit formula for the number of superspecial abelian surfaces over $\mathbb F_q$.
In this note, we study the superspecial loci of orthogonal type Shimura varieties of signature (n-2, 2) with n>3. We prove a conjecture of Gross on the parametrizations of the superspecial locus in the special fiber of an orthogonal type Shimura variety and its lift in the integral model by certain homogeneous spaces. As applications, we provide a mass formula for the superspecial locus.
In the paper [On superspecial abelian surfaces over finite fields II. J. Math. Soc. Japan, 72(1):303--331, 2020], Tse-Chung Yang and the first two current authors computed explicitly the number $\lvert \mathrm{SSp}_2(\mathbb{F}_q)\rvert$ of isomorphism classes of superspecial abelian surfaces over an arbitrary finite field $\mathbb{F}_q$ of even degree over the prime field $\mathbb{F}_p$. There it was assumed that certain commutative $\mathbb{Z}_p$-orders satisfy an étale condition that excludes the primes $p=2, 3, 5$. We treat these remaining primes in the present paper, where the computation…
Extending the results of [Asian J. Math. 2019], in [Doc. Math. \textbf{21}, 2016] we calculated explicitly the number of isomorphism classes of superspecial abelian surfaces over an arbitrary finite field of \textit{odd} degree over the prime field $\mathbb{F}_p$. A key step was to reduce the calculation to the prime field case, and we calculated the number of isomorphism classes in each isogeny class through a concrete lattice description. In the present paper we treat the \textit{even} degree case by a different method. We first translate the problem by Galois cohomology into a seemingly unr…
We define three different isogeny graphs of principally polarized superspecial abelian varieties, prove foundational results on them, and explain their role in number theory and geometry. This is background to joint work with Yevgeny Zaytman on properties of these isogeny graphs for dimension $g>1$, especially the result that these graphs are connected, but not in general Ramanujan.
We investigate special structures due to automorphisms in isogeny graphs of principally polarized abelian varieties, and abelian surfaces in particular. We give theoretical and experimental results on the spectral and statistical properties of (2, 2)-isogeny graphs of superspecial abelian surfaces, including stationary distributions for random walks, bounds on eigenvalues and diameters, and a proof of the connectivity of the Jacobian subgraph of the (2, 2)-isogeny graph. Our results improve our understanding of the performance and security of some recently-proposed cryptosystems, and are also …
Ekedahl-Oort strata with a superspecial factor in unitary Shimura varieties
Washington College（华盛顿学院）；Carleton College（卡尔顿学院）；Brooklyn College and The Graduate Center, City University of New York（纽约市立大学布鲁克林学院及研究生院）；Korteweg-de Vries Institute for Mathematics, University of Amsterdam（阿姆斯特丹大学科特维格-德弗里斯数学研究所）；University of Arizona（亚利桑那大学）
In this paper we determine the number of endomorphism rings of superspecial abelian surfaces over a field $\mathbb{F}_q$ of odd degree over $\mathbb{F}_p$ in the isogeny class corresponding to the Weil $q$-number $\pm\sqrt{q}$. This extends earlier works of T.-C. Yang and the present authors on the isomorphism classes of these abelian surfaces, and also generalizes the classical formula of Deuring for the number of endomorphism rings of supersingular elliptic curves. Our method is to explore the relationship between the type and class numbers of the quaternion orders concerned. We study the Pi…
We consider the structures formed by isogenies of abelian varieties with polarizations that are not necessarily principal, specifically with the $[\ell]$-polarizations we have previously defined. Our primary interest is in superspecial abelian varieties, where the isogenies are related to quaternionic hermitian forms. We first consider isogeny graphs. We show that these $[\ell]$-isogeny graphs are a generalized Brandt graph and construct them entirely in terms of definite quaternion algebras. We prove that they are connected and give examples to show that the regular graphs obtained are someti…
We study for each fixed integer $g \ge 2$, for all primes $\ell$ and $p$ with $\ell \neq p$, finite regular directed graphs associated with the set of equivalence classes of $\ell$-marked principally polarized superspecial abelian varieties of dimension $g$ in characteristic $p$, and show that the adjacency matrices have real eigenvalues with spectral gaps independent of $p$. This implies a rapid mixing property of natural random walks on the family of isogeny graphs beyond the elliptic curve case and suggests a potential construction of the Charles-Goren-Lauter type cryptographic hash functio…
There is a well known theorem by Deuring which gives a criterion for when the reduction of an elliptic curve with complex multiplication (CM) by the ring of integers of an imaginary quadratic field has ordinary or supersingular reduction. We generalise this and a similar theorem by Goren in dimension 2, and classify the $p$-torsion group scheme of the reduction of 3-dimensional abelian varieties with CM by the ring of integers of a cyclic sextic CM field. We also prove a theorem in arbitrary dimension $g$ that distinguishes ordinary and superspecial reduction for abelian varieties with CM by a…
This paper contains two parts toward studying abelian varieties from the classification point of view. In a series of papers, the current authors and T.-C. Yang obtain explicit formulas for the numbers of superspecial abelian surfaces over finite fields. In this paper, we give an explicit formula for the size of the isogeny class of simple abelian surfaces with real Weil number $\sqrt{q}$. This establishes a key step that one may extend our previous explicit calculations of superspecial abelian surfaces to those of supersingular abelian surfaces.The second part is to introduce the notion of ge…
We give a formula for the class number of an arbitrary CM algebraic torus over $\mathbb{Q}$. This is proved based on results of Ono and Shyr. As applications, we give formulas for numbers of polarized CM abelian varieties, of connected components of unitary Shimura varieties and of certain polarized abelian varieties over finite fields. We also give a second proof of our main result.
In this paper, we consider Abelian varieties over function fields that arise as twists of Abelian varieties by cyclic covers of irreducible quasi-projective varieties. Then, in terms of Prym varieties associated to the cyclic covers, we prove a structure theorem on their Mordell-Weil group. Our results give an explicit method for construction of elliptic curves, hyper- and super-elliptic Jacobians that have large ranks over function fields of certain varieties.
We provide a characterization of almost ordinary abelian varieties over finite fields, and use this characterization to provide lower bounds for the sizes of some almost ordinary isogeny classes.
We study a certain class of simple abelian varieties of type $\mathrm{IV}$ (in Albert's classification) over number fields with Mumford-Tate groups of type $A$. In particular, we show that such abelian varieties have ordinary reduction away from a set of places of Dirichlet density zero, thus confirming a special case of a broader conjecture of Serre's. We also study the splitting types and Newton polygons of the reductions of the abelian varieties of this type with small dimension (nine).
If A and B are abelian varieties over a number field K such that there are non-trivial geometric homomorphisms of abelian varieties between reductions of A and B at most primes of K, then there exists a non-trivial (geometric) homomorphism from A to B defined over an algebraic closure of K.
This paper surveys the methods that have been used to attack the conjecture, still open, that an abelian variety over a characteristic $0$ field with finitely generated Galois group is always of infinite rank.
The category of abelian varieties over $\mathbb{F}_q$ is shown to be anti-equivalent to a category of $\mathbb{Z}$-lattices that are modules for a non-commutative pro-ring of endomorphisms of a suitably chosen direct system of abelian varieties over $\mathbb{F}_q$. On full subcategories cut out by a finite set $w$ of conjugacy classes of Weil $q$-numbers, the anti-equivalence is represented by what we call $w$-locally projective abelian varieties.
We study (weak) log abelian varieties with constant degeneration in the log flat topology. If the base is a log point, we further study the endomorphism algebras of log abelian varieties. In particular, we prove the dual short exact sequence for isogenies, Poincaré complete reducibility theorem for log abelian varieties, and the semi-simplicity of the endomorphism algebras of log abelian varieties.
