We derive the extended Supersymmetric Galilean Conformal Algebra (SGCA) in two spacetime dimensions by the method of group contraction on $2d$ $\mathcal{N}=(2,2)$ superconformal algebra. Both the parent and daughter algebras are infinite-dimensional. We provide the representation theory of the algebra. We adopt a superspace formalism for the SGCA fields, allowing us to write them down in a compact notation as components of superfields. We also discuss correlation functions, short supermultiplets and null states.
In this addendum, we consider the connection between certain $2d$ super-GCA, obtained from the parametric contractions of $2d$ SCFTs, which can describe the constraint algebra of null spinning strings.
Galilean conformal algebra (GCA) in two dimensions arises as contraction of two copies of the centrally extended Virasoro algebra ($t\rightarrow t, x\rightarrowεx$ with $ε\rightarrow 0$). The central charges of GCA can be expressed in term of Virasoro central charges. For finite and non-zero GCA central charges, the Virasoro central charges must behave as asymmetric form $O(1)\pm O(\frac{1}ε)$. We propose that, the bulk description for 2d GCA with asymmetric central charges is given by general massive gravity (GMG) in three dimensions. It can be seen that, if the gravitational Chern-Simons cou…
The asymptotic group of symmetries at null infinity of flat spacetimes in three and four dimensions is the infinite dimensional Bondi-Metzner-Sachs (BMS) group. This has recently been shown to be isomorphic to non-relativistic conformal algebras in one lower dimension, the Galilean Conformal Algebra (GCA) in 2d and a closely related non-relativistic algebra in 3d [1]. We provide a better understanding of this surprising connection by providing a spacetime interpretation in terms of a novel contraction. The 2d GCA, obtained from a linear combination of two copies of the Virasoro algebra, is gen…
We derive the infinite dimensional Supersymmetric Galilean Conformal Algebra (SGCA) in the case of two spacetime dimensions by performing group contraction on 2d superconformal algebra. We also obtain the representations of the generators in terms of superspace coordinates. Here we find realisations of the SGCA by considering scaling limits of certain 2d SCFTs which are non-unitary and have their left and right central charges become large in magnitude and opposite in sign. We focus on the Neveu-Schwarz sector of the parent SCFTs and develop, in parallel to the GCA studies recently in (arXiv:0…
We show how logarithmic terms may arise in the correlators of fields which belong to the representation of the Schrodinger-Virasoro algebra (SV) or the affine Galilean Conformal Algebra (GCA). We show that in GCA, only scaling operator can have a Jordanian form and rapidity can not. We observe that in both algebras logarithmic dependence appears along the time direction alone.
N = 2 Supersymmetric extensions of Galilean conformal algebra (GCA), specified by spin \ell and dimension of space d, are investigated. Duval and Horvathy showed that the \ell = 1/2 GCA has two types of supersymmetric extensions, called standard and exotic. Recently, Masterov intorduced a centerless super-GCA for arbitrary \ell wchich corresponds to the standard extension. We show that the Masterov's super-GCA has two types of central extensions depending on the parity of 2\ell. We then introduced a novel super-GCA for arbitrary \ell corresponding to the exotic extension. It is shown that the …
A super Lie group is a group whose operations are $G^{\infty}$ mappings in the sense of Rogers. Thus the underlying supermanifold possesses an atlas whose transition functions are $G^{\infty}$ functions. Moreover the images of our charts are open subsets of a graded infinite-dimensional Banach space since our space of supernumbers is a Banach Grassmann algebra with a countably infinite set of generators. In this context, we prove that if $\hfrak$ is a closed, split sub-super Lie algebra of the super Lie algebra of a super Lie group $\Gcal,$ then $\hfrak$ is the super Lie algebra of a sub-super…
We consider a realization of the Galilean conformal algebra (GCA) in two dimensional space-time on the AdS boundary of a particular three dimensional gravity theory, the so-called cosmological topologically massive gravity (CTMG), which includes the gravitational Chern-Simons term and the negative cosmological constant. The infinite dimensional GCA in two dimensions is obtained from the Virasoro algebra for the relativistic CFT by taking a scaling limit $t\to t$, $x\toεx$ with $ε\to 0$. The parent relativistic CFT should have left and right central charges of order $\mathcal{O}(1/ε)$ but oppos…
The Galilean Conformal Algebra (GCA) arises in taking the non-relativistic limit of the symmetries of a relativistic Conformal Field Theory in any dimensions. It is known to be infinite-dimensional in all spacetime dimensions. In particular, the 2d GCA emerges out of a scaling limit of linear combinations of two copies of the Virasoro algebra. In this paper, we find metrics in dimensions greater than two which realize the finite 2d GCA (the global part of the infinite algebra) as their isometry by systematically looking at a construction in terms of cosets of this finite algebra. We list all p…
We find an intriguing link between the symmetries of the tensionless limit of closed string theory and the 2-dimensional Galilean Conformal Algebra (2d GCA). 2d GCA has been discussed in the context of the non-relativistic limit of AdS/CFT and more recently in flat-space holography as the proposed symmetry algebra of the field theory dual to 3d Minkowski spacetimes. It is best understood as a contraction of two copies of the Virasoro algebra. In this note, we link this to the tensionless limit of bosonic closed string theory. We show how it emerges naturally as a contraction of the residual ga…
The Galilean Conformal Algebra (GCA) arises from the relativistic conformal algebra in the non-relativistic limit. In two dimensions, one can view it as a limit of linear combinations of the two copies Virasoro algebra. Recently, it has been argued that Topologically Massive Gravity (TMG) realizes the quantum 2d GCA in a particular scaling limit of the gravitational Chern-Simons term. To add strength to this claim, we demonstrate a matching of correlation functions on both sides of this correspondence. A priori looking for spatially dependent correlators seems to force us to deal with high spi…
Firstly we discuss briefly three different algebras named as nonrelativistic (NR) conformal: Schroedinger, Galilean conformal and infinite algebra of local NR conformal isometries. Further we shall consider in some detail Galilean conformal algebra (GCA) obtained in the limit c equal to infinity from relativistic conformal algebra O(d+1,2) (d - number of space dimensions). Two different contraction limits providing GCA and some recently considered realizations will be briefly discussed. Finally by considering NR contraction of D=4 superconformal algebra the Galilei conformal superalgebra (GCSA…
Galilean conformal algebra (GCA) is an Inonu-Wigner (IW) contraction of a conformal algebra, while Newton-Hooke string algebra is an IW contraction of an AdS algebra which is the isometry of an AdS space. It is shown that the GCA is a boundary realization of the Newton-Hooke string algebra in the bulk AdS. The string lies along the direction transverse to the boundary, and the worldsheet is AdS_2. The one-dimensional conformal symmetry so(2,1) and rotational symmetry so(d) contained in the GCA are realized as the symmetry on the AdS_2 string worldsheet and rotational symmetry in the space tran…
A recent novel derivation of the representation of Virasoro singular vectors in terms of Jack polynomials is extended to the supersymmetric case. The resulting expression of a generic super-Virasoro singular vector is given in terms of a simple differential operator (whose form is characteristic of the sector, Neveu-Schwarz or Ramond) acting on a Jack superpolynomial. The latter is indexed by a superpartition depending upon the two integers r,s that specify the reducible module under consideration. The corresponding singular vector (at grade rs/2), when expanded as a linear combination of Jack…
We present the list of irreducible (generalized) highest weight modules over the Virasoro algebra and N=1 super-Virasoro algebras obtained as factor-modules of (generalized) Verma modules. We present also the character formulae of all these modules and single out the unitary irreducible ones. Most formulas are valid for the three algebras under consideration, the different cases being distinguished by two parameters. This is a slightly extended version of an Encyclopedia entry.
We construct free-field resolutions of unitary representations of the N=2 superconformal algebra. The irreducible representations are singled out from free-field spaces as the cohomology of fermionic screening operators. We construct and evaluate the cohomology of the resolution associated with one fermionic screening (which is related to the representation theory picture of ``gravitational descendants''), and a {\it butterfly} resolution associated with two fermionic screenings.
It is considered here the possibility of unitary spinor representations of the Virasoro and super-Virasoro algebras for conformal spin to be equal 1/k; k are integers.
We study $N=(2,4,8)$ supersymmetric extensions of the three dimensional BMS algebra (BMS$_3$) with most generic possible central extensions. We find that $N$-extended supersymmetric BMS$_3$ algebras can be derived by a suitable contraction of two copies of the extended superconformal algebras. Extended algebras from all the consistent contractions are obtained by scaling left-moving and right-moving supersymmetry generators symmetrically, while Virasoro and R-symmetry generators are scaled asymmetrically. On the way, we find that the BMS/GCA correspondence does not in general hold for supersym…
The Virasoro algebra with c=1 has a continuum of superselection sectors characterized by the ground state energy h. Only a discrete subset of sectors arises by restriction of representations of the SU(2) current algebra at level k=1. The remaining continuum of sectors is obtained with the help of (localized) homomorphisms into the current algebra. The fusion product of continuum sectors with discrete sectors is computed. A new method of determining the sector of a state is used.
We construct infinite dimensional spectral triples associated with representations of the super-Virasoro algebra. In particular the irreducible, unitary positive energy representation of the Ramond algebra with central charge c and minimal lowest weight h=c/24 is graded and gives rise to a net of even theta-summable spectral triples with non-zero Fredholm index. The irreducible unitary positive energy representations of the Neveu-Schwarz algebra give rise to nets of even theta-summable generalised spectral triples where there is no Dirac operator but only a superderivation.
We show the OPE formulae for three types of deformed super-Virasoro algebras: Chaichian-Presnajder's deformation, Belov-Chaltikhian's one and its modified version. Fundamental (anti-)commutation relations toward a ghost realization of deformed super-Virasoro algebra are also discussed.
Utilizing sets of super-vector fields (derivations), explicit expressions are obtained for; (a.) the 1D, N-extended superconformal algebra, (b.) the 1D, N-extended super Virasoro algebra for N = 1, 2 and 4 and (c.) a geometrical realization (GR) covering algebra that contains the super Virasoro algebra for arbitrary values of N. By use of such vector fileds, the super Virasoro algebra is embedded as a geometrical and model-independent structure in 1D and 2D Aleph-null-extended superspace.
We describe actions that correspond to the interaction of the Super Virasoro algebra with supergravitons. These new field theories introduce a superfield that corresponds to dual elements of the super Virasoro algebra. We are also able to extend the definition of these field theories to higher dimensions. We explicitly exhibit the 2, 3 and 4 dimensional cases. Remarkably, the fundamental prepotentials describing these dual elements of the super Virasoro algebra, in each model, agrees with the known prepotentials of the corresponding supergravity theory. These theories might be important in the…
We present a fractional superspace formulation of the centerless parasuper-Viraso-ro and fractional super-Virasoro algebras. These are two different generalizations of the ordinary super-Virasoro algebra generated by the infinitesimal diffeomorphisms of the superline. We work on the fractional superline parametrized by $t$ and $θ$, with $t$ a real coordinate and $θ$ a paragrassmann variable of order $M$ and canonical dimension $1/F$. We further describe a more general structure labelled by $M$ and $F$ with $M\geq F$. The case $F=2$ corresponds to the parasuper-Virasoro algebra of order $M$, wh…
We show that quantum curves arise in infinite families and have the structure of singular vectors of a relevant symmetry algebra. We analyze in detail the case of the hermitian one-matrix model with the underlying Virasoro algebra, and the super-eigenvalue model with the underlying super-Virasoro algebra. In the Virasoro case we relate singular vector structure of quantum curves to the topological recursion, and in the super-Virasoro case we introduce the notion of super-quantum curves. We also discuss the double quantum structure of the quantum curves and analyze specific examples of Gaussian…
We derive properties of N-extended GR super Virasoro algebras. These include adding central extensions, identification of all primary fields and the action of the adjoint representation on its dual. The final result suggest identification with the spectrum of fields in supergravity theories and superstring/M-theory constructed from NSR N-extended supersymmetric ${\cal {GR}}$ Virasoro algebras.
Hadron dynamics is formulated in terms of interacting composite strings. Consistent composite string model with extended Virasoro superconformal symmetry is found. These composite strings carry flavour and chiral degrees of freedom on edging two-dimensional surfaces. Necessary correct description of string amplitudes without states of negative norms in the spectrum of physical states is reached when special supercurrents conditions are fulfilled.
We present the solution of the discrete super-Virasoro constraints to all orders of the genus expansion. Integrating over the fermionic variables we get a representation of the partition function in terms of the one-matrix model. We also obtain the nonperturbative solution of the super-Virasoro constraints in the double scaling limit but do not find agreement between our flows and the known supersymmetric extensions of KdV.
Superconformal ghost current generators of conformal dimension 3/2 are constructed using the conformal ghosts and anticommuting infinite dimensional gamma matrices of the Clifford algebra. The super-Virasoro algebra for the ghosts in both the N.S. and R sectors are presented. The anomaly terms in both cases are deduced using Jacobi identity.
The q-deformed super Virasoro algebra proposed by Chaichian and Presnajder is examined. Presented is the realizations by the FFZ algebra (the magnetic translation algebra) defined on a two-dimensional lattice with a supersymmetric Hamiltonian.
We investigate AdS3/CFT2 correspondence in three dimensional supergravity. We construct a current for general coordinate invariance and that for local supersymmetry via covariant approach. Hamiltonian and supercharge are well defined in terms of vielbein and spin connection. After discussing asymptotic supersymmetry group at the boundary of AdS3 geometry, we show that there exist a direct product of Virasoro algebras at the boundary. We also show that one of them is extended to super Virasoro algebra.
We investigate linear combinations of characters for minimal Virasoro models which are representable as a products of several basic blocks. Our analysis is based on consideration of asymptotic behaviour of the characters in the quasi-classical limit. In particular, we introduce a notion of the secondary effective central charge. We find all possible cases for which factorization occurs on the base of the Gauss-Jacobi or the Watson identities. Exploiting these results, we establish various types of identities between different characters. In particular, we present several identities generalizin…
We show that the deformations of Virasoro and super Virasoro algebra, constructed earlier on an abstract mathematical background, emerge after Wick rotation, within an exact treatment of discrete-time free field models on a circle. The deformation parameter is $e^λ$, where $λ=τ/ρ$ is the ratio of the discrete-time scale $τ$ and the radius $ρ$ of the compact space.
The relation between super-Virasoro anomaly and super-Weyl anomaly in $N=1$ NSR superstring coupled with 2D supergravity is investigated from canonical theoretical view point. The WZW action canceling the super-Virasoro anomaly is explicitly constructed. It is super-Weyl invariant but nonlocal functional of 2D supergravity. The nonlocality can be remedied by the super-Liouvlle action, which in turn recovers the super-Weyl anomaly. The final gravitational effective action turns out to be local but noncovariant super-Liouville action, describing the dynamical behavior of the super-Liouville fiel…
The appearance of L$_\infty$ structures for supersymmetric symmetry algebras in two-dimensional conformal field theories is investigated. Looking at the simplest concrete example of the ${\cal N}=1$ super-Virasoro algebra in detail, we investigate whether an extension to a super-L$_\infty$ algebra is sufficient to capture all appearing signs.
Based on the quantum superspace construction of $q$-deformed algebra, we discuss a supersymmetric extension of the deformed Virasoro algebra, which is a subset of the $q$-$W_{\infty}$ algebra recently appeared in the context of two-dimensional string theory. We analyze two types of deformed super-Virasoro algebra as well as their $osp(1,2)$ subalgebras. Applying our quantum superspace structure to conformal field theory, we find the same type of deformation of affine $sl(2)$ algebra.
We consider N=1,2 superconformal mechanics in 0+1 dimensions and show that if the Hamiltonian is invertible the superconformal generators can be used to construct half of the super Virasoro algebra. The full algebra can be derived if the special conformal generator is also invertible. The generators are quantized and a general prescription is given for the construction of the N=1 algebra independently of the specific details of the superconformal mechanics provided that in addition its quadratic Casimir operator vanishes.
Studied is the deformation of super Virasoro algebra proposed by Belov and Chaltikhian. Starting from abstract realizations in terms of the FFZ type generators, various connections of them to other realizations are shown, especially to deformed field representations, whose bosonic part generator is recently reported as a deformed string theory on a noncommutative world-sheet. The deformed Virasoro generators can also be expressed in terms of ordinary free fields in a highly nontrivial way.
The low energy limit of the stress tensor, gauge current, and supercurrent two-point correlators are calculated in the background of the supersymmetric magnetic brane solution to gauged five-dimensional supergravity constructed by Almuhairi and Polchinski. The resulting correlators provide evidence for the emergence of an N=2 super-Virasoro algebra of right-movers, in addition to a bosonic Virasoro algebra and a $U(1) \oplus U(1)$-current algebra of left-movers (or the parity transform of left- and right-movers depending on the sign of the magnetic field), in the holographically dual strongly …
The splitting of a $Q$-deformed boson, in the $Q\to q=e^{\frac{\QTR{rm}{2πi}}{\QTR{rm}{k}}}$ limit, is discussed. The equivalence between a $Q$-fermion and an ordinary one is established. The properties of the quantum (super)Virasoro algebras when their deformation parameter $Q$ goes to a root of unity, are investigated. These properties are shown to be related to fractional supersymmetry and $k$-fermionic spin.
We continue the development of the actions, S_{AFF}, by examining the cases where there are N fermionic degrees of freedom associated with a 0-brane. These actions correspond to the interaction of the N-extended super Virasoro algebra with the supergraviton and the associated SO(N) gauge field that accompanies the supermultiplet. The superfield formalism is used throughout so that supersymmetry is explicit.
In this note, we construct Noether charges for the chiral supergravity, which contains the Lorentz Chern-Simons term, by applying Wald's prescription to the vielbein formalism. We investigate the AdS3/CFT2 correspondence by using the vielbein formalism. The asymptotic symmetry group is carefully examined by taking into account the local Lorentz transformation, and we construct super Virasoro algebras with central extensions from the chiral supergravity.
We study the generalization of second Gelfand-Dickey bracket to the superdifferential operators with matrix-valued coefficients. The associated Miura transformation is derived. Using this bracket we work out a nonlocal and nonlinear N=2 superalgebra which contains the N=2 super Virasoro algebra as a subalgebra. The bosonic limit of this algebra is considered. We show that when the spin-1 fields in this bosonic algebra are set to zero the resulting Dirac bracket gives precisely the recently derived $V_{2,2}$ algebra.
We study partition functions of 3d $\mathcal{N}=2$ U(N) gauge theories on compact manifolds which are $S^1$ fibrations over $S^2$. We show that the partition functions are free field correlators of vertex operators and screening charges of the $q$-Virasoro modular double, which we define. The inclusion of supersymmetric Wilson loops in arbitrary representations allows us to show that the generating functions of Wilson loop vacuum expectation values satisfy two SL(2,$\mathbb{Z}$)-related commuting sets of $q$-Virasoro constraints. We generalize our construction to 3d $\mathcal{N}=2$ unitary qui…
In the context of Conformal Field Theory (CFT), many results can be obtained from the representation theory of the Virasoro algebra. While the interest in Logarithmic CFTs has been growing recently, the Virasoro representations corresponding to these quantum field theories remain dauntingly complicated, thus hindering our understanding of various critical phenomena. We extend in this paper the construction of Read and Saleur (2007), and uncover a deep relationship between the Virasoro algebra and a finite-dimensional algebra characterizing the properties of two-dimensional statistical models, …
The general method of the supersymmetrization of the soliton equations with the odd (bi) hamiltonian structure is established. New version of the supersymmetric N=2,4 (Modified) Korteweg de Vries equation is given, as an example. The second odd Hamiltonian operator of the SUSY KdV equation generates the odd N=2,4 SUSY Virasoro - like algebra.
The Jack polynomials P_λ^{(α)} at α=-(k+1)/(r-1) indexed by certain (k,r,N)-admissible partitions are known to span an ideal I^{(k,r)}_N of the space of symmetric functions in N variables. The ideal I^{(k,r)}_N is invariant under the action of certain differential operators which include half the Virasoro algebra. Moreover, the Jack polynomials in I^{(k,r)}_N admit clusters of size at most k: they vanish when k+1 of their variables are identified, and they do not vanish when only k of them are identified. We generalize most of these properties to superspace using orthogonal eigenfunctions of t…
Using the ideas from the BPS/CFT correspondence, we give an explicit recursive formula for computing supersymmetric Wilson loop averages in 3d $\mathcal{N}=2$ Yang-Mills-Chern-Simons $U(N)$ theory on the squashed sphere $S^3_b$ with one adjoint chiral and two antichiral fundamental multiplets, for specific values of Chern-Simons level $κ_2$ and Fayet-Illiopoulos parameter $κ_1$. For these values of $κ_1$ and $κ_2$ the north and south pole turn out to be completely independent, and therefore Wilson loop averages factorize into answers for the two constituent $D^2 \times S^1$ theories. In partic…
We demonstrate that a supersymmetric theory twisted on a Kähler four manifold $M=Σ_1 \times Σ_2 ,$ where $Σ_{1,2}$ are 2D Riemann surfaces, possesses a "left-moving" conformal stress tensor on $Σ_1$ ($Σ_2$) in the BRST cohomology. The central charge of the Virasoro algebra has a purely geometric origin and is proportional to the Euler characteristic of the $Σ_2$ ($Σ_1$) surface. This structure is shown to be invariant under renormalization group. We also give a representation of the algebra $W_{1+\infty}$ in terms of a free chiral supermultiplet.
The coupling of $N=1$ SCFT of type $(4m,2)$ to two-dimensional supergravity can be formulated non-perturbatively in terms of a discrete super-eigenvalue model proposed by Alvarez-Gaumé, et al. We derive the superloop equations that describe, in the double scaling limit, the non-perturbative solution of this model. These equations are equivalent to the double scaled super-Virasoro constraints satisfied by the partition function. They are formulated in terms of a $\widehat c=1$ theory, with a $\IZ_2$-twisted scalar field and a Weyl-Majorana fermion in the Ramond sector. We have solved the superl…
We construct new realizations of the Virasoro algebra inspired by the Calogero model. The Virasoro algebra we find acts as a kind of spectrum-generating algebra of the Calogero model. We furthermore present the superextension of these results and introduce a class of higher-spin extensions of the Virasoro algebra which are of the $W_\infty$ - type.
Using the previous construction of the geometrical representation (GR) of the centerless 1D, N = 4 extended Super Virasoro algebra, we construct the corresponding Short Distance Operation Product Expansions for the deformed version of the algebra. This algebra differs from the regular algebra by the addition of terms containing the Levi-Civita tensor. How this addition changes the super-commutation relations and affects the Short Distance Operation Product Expansions (OPEs) of the associated fields is investigated. The Method of Coadjoint Orbits, which removes the need first to find Lagrangian…
We compute 5-point classical conformal blocks with two heavy, two light, and one superlight operator using the monodromy approach up to third order in the superlight expansion. By virtue of the AdS/CFT correspondence we show the equivalence of the resulting expressions to those obtained in the bulk computation for the corresponding geodesic configuration.
