For K a field of characteristic 0 and d any integer number greater than or equal to 2, we prove the invertibility of polynomial endomorphisms of the affine space of dimension d over K of the form F=Id+H, where each coordinate of H is the cube of a linear form and the cube of the Jacobian matrix of H is equal to zero. Our proof uses the inversion algorithm for polynomial maps presented in our previous paper. Our current result leads us to formulate a conjecture relating the nilpotency degree of the Jacobian matrix of H with the number of necessary steps in the inversion algorithm.
We introduce a new method in the attempt to prove the Jacobian conjecture. In the complex dimension 2 case, we apply this method to prove some new results related the Jacobian conjecture.
We prove the equivalence of the Jacobian Conjecture (JC(n)) and the Conjecture on the cardinality of the set of fixed points of a polynomial nilpotent mapping (JN(n)) and prove a series of assertions confirming JN(n).
Any counterexample to the two-dimensional Jacobian Conjecture gives a rational map from one projective plane to another. We use some ideas of the Minimal Model Program to study the combinatorial structure of a rational surface, that is obtained by resolving this map. Several structural results are proven, revealing a rather orderly structure of the graph of the curves at infinity. We also exhibit and discuss a graph that may lead to a counterexample to the Jacobian Conjecture.
We translate the results of Yansong Xu into the language of~\cite{GGV1}, obtaining nearly the same formulas for the intersection number of Jacobian pairs, but with an inequality instead of an equality.
Jacobian conjectures (that nonsingular implies a global inverse) for rational everywhere defined maps of real n-space to itself are considered, with no requirement for a constant Jacobian determinant or a rational inverse. The birational case is proved and the Galois case clarified. Two known special cases of the Strong Real Jacobian Conjecture (SRJC) are generalized to the rational map context. For an invertible map, the associated extension of rational function fields must be of odd degree and must have no nontrivial automorphisms. That disqualifies the Pinchuk counter examples to the SRJC a…
In this paper we study singularities in arbitrary characteristic. We propose Finite Determination Conjecture for Mather-Jacobian minimal log discrepancies in terms of jet schemes of a singularity. The conjecture is equivalent to the boundedness of the number of the blow-ups to obtain a prime divisor which computes the Mather-Jacobian minimal log discrepancy. We also show that this conjecture yields some basic properties of singularities; e.g. openness of Mather-Jacobian (log) canonical singularities, stability of these singularities under small deformations and lower semi-continuity of Mather-…
Jacobian conjectures (that nonsingular implies invertible) for rational everywhere defined maps of real n-space to itself are considered, with no requirement for a constant Jacobian determinant or a rational inverse. The associated extension of rational function fields must be of odd degree and must have no nontrivial automorphisms. The extensions for the Pinchuk counterexamples to the strong real Jacobian conjecture have no nontrivial automorphisms, but are of degree six. The birational case is proved, the Galois case is clarified but the general case of odd degree remains open. However, cert…
Let $G$ be a finite group acting effectively on the complex affine plane. If the $G$-action commutes with an étale endomorphism $f$ of the affine plane and the order of $G$ is even then the endomorphism $f$ is an automorphism.
Let $K$ be a number field and $O_K$ the ring of integers of $K$. In the spirit of Siegel's theorem on integral points on affine algebraic curves, the plane Jacobian conjecture over $K$ is equivalent to the following statement: if $P,Q\in O_K[x,y]$ and $P_xQ_y-P_yQ_x\equiv 1$, then the curve $P=0$ has more than one integral point.
This article is about polynomial maps with a certain symmetry and/or antisymmetry in their Jacobians, and whether the Jacobian Conjecture is satisfied for such maps, or whether it is sufficient to prove the Jacobian Conjecture for such maps. For instance, we show that it suffices to prove the Jacobian conjecture for polynomial maps x + H over C such that JH satisfies all symmetries of the square, where H is homogeneous of arbitrary degree d >= 3.
We prove for a tropical rational map that if for any point the convex hull of Jacobian matrices at smooth points in a neighborhood of the point does not contain singular matrices then the map is an isomorphism. We also show that a tropical polynomial map on the plane is an isomorphism if all the Jacobians have the same sign (positive or negative). In addition, for a tropical rational map we prove that if the Jacobians have the same sign and if its preimage is a singleton at least at one regular point then the map is an isomorphism.
We obtain a structure theorem for the nonproperness set $S_f$ of a nonsingular polynomial mapping $f:\mathbb{C}^n \to \mathbb{C}^n$. Jelonek's results on $S_f$ and our result show that if $f$ is a counterexample to the Jacobian conjecture, then $S_f$ is a hypersurface such that $S_f\cap Z \neq \emptyset$, for any $Z\subset \mathbb{C}^n$ biregular to $\mathbb{C}^{n-1}$ and $Z = h^{-1}(0)$ for a polynomial submersion $h: \mathbb{C}^n \to \mathbb{C}$. Also, we present topological approaches to the Jacobian conjecture in $\mathbb{C}^n$.
We explore an (unpublished) approach to the famous Jacobian Conjecture by means of identities of algebras, discovered by the brilliant deceased mathematician, Alexander Vladimirovich Yagzhev (1951{2001). This approach also indicates some very close connections between mathematical physics, universal algebra and automorphisms of polynomial algebras
The purpose of this review paper is the collection, systematization and discussion of recent results concerning the quantization approach to the Jacobian conjecture, as well as certain related topics.
In this paper, we first show that the Jacobian Conjecture is true for non-homogeneous power linear mappings under some conditions. Secondly, we prove an equivalent statement about the Jacobian Conjecture in dimension $r\geq 1$ and give some partial results for $r=2$. Finally, for a homogeneous power linear Keller map $F=X+H$ of degree $d \ge 2$, we give the inverse polynomial map under the condition that $JH^3=0$. We shall show that ${\operatorname{deg}}(F^{-1})\leq d^k$ if $k \le 2$ and $JH^{k+1}=0$, but also give an example with $d = 2$ and $JH^4=0$ such that ${\operatorname{deg}}(F^{-1})> d…
In this paper, we will first show that, the homogeneous polynomials which satisfy the Jacobian condition are injective on the lines that pass through the origin. Secondly, we will show that $F$ and $G'$ are paired, where $F$ is a Druzkowski map and $G'$ is a cubic homogeneous polynomial which related to $F$. Finally, we will find a more exactly bound for the degree of $F^{-1}$, where $F$ is a invertible map.
Let K be an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero and let f(x,y) be a nonzero polynomial of K[x,y]. We prove that if the generic element of the family $(f-λ)\_λ$ is a rational polynomial, and if the Jacobian J(f,g) is a nonzero constant for some polynomial g in K[x,y], then K[f,g] =K[x,y].
It is shown that a polynomial map $(P,Q)\in \mathbb{Q}[x,y]^2$ with $P_xQ_y-P_yQ_x \equiv 1$ has an inverse map in $\mathbb{Q}[x,y]^2$ if the fiber $P=0$ contains an infinite subset of $ d^{-1}\mathbb{Z}^2$ for an integer $d$.
We show that the iterated images of a Jacobian pair stabilize; that is, the k-th iterates of a polynomial map of complex two-space to itself with a nonzero constant Jacobian determinant all have the same image for sufficiently large k. More generally, we obtain the same result for open polynomial maps of a closed algebraic subset X of complex N-space to itself that have finite coimage, and for cofinite subsets of such an X invariant under the map. We apply these results to obtain a new characterization of the two dimensional complex Jacobian conjecture related to questions of surjectivity.
In this note, we show that, if the Druzkowski mappings $F(X)=X+(AX)^{*3}$, i.e. $F(X)=(x_1+(a_{11}x_1+...+a_{1n}x_n)^3,...,x_n+(a_{n1}x_1+...+a_{nn}x_n)^3)$, satisfies $TrJ((AX)^{*3})=0$, then $rank(A)\leq 1/2(n+δ)$ where $δ$ is the number of diagonal elements of A which are equal to zero. Furthermore, we show the Jacobian Conjecture is true for the Druzkowski mappings in dimension $\leq 9$ in the case $\prod_{i=1}^{n}a_{ii}\neq0$.
Implementations of known reductions of the Strong Real Jacobian Conjecture (SRJC), to the case of an identity map plus cubic homogeneous or cubic linear terms, and to the case of gradient maps, are shown to preserve significant algebraic and geometric properties of the maps involved. That permits the separate formulation and reduction, though not so far the solution, of the SRJC for classes of nonsingular polynomial endomorphisms of real n-space that exclude the Pinchuk counterexamples to the SRJC, for instance those that induce rational function field extensions of a given fixed odd degree.
The Classical Jacobian Conjecture claims that any unramified endomorphism of a complex affine space is an automorphism. In order to embed this conjecture in a geometric environment, where one could enjoy the beauty and the richness of tools of algebraic geometry and algebraic D-modules, as his paper [6] proves it, Hyman Bass proposed 25 years ago in [6], page 80 the following statement as the Generalized Jacobian Conjecture: "Any unramified morphism from a complex irreducible affine and unirational variety whose invertible regular functions are all constant to a complex affine space of the sam…
We prove that a polynomial map is invertible if and only if some associated differential ring homomorphism is bijective. To this end, we use a theorem of Crespo and Hajto linking the invertibility of polynomial maps with Picard-Vessiot extensions of partial differential fields, the theory of strongly normal extensions as presented by Kovacic and the characterization of Picard-Vessiot extensions in terms of tensor products given by Levelt.
We study Lie subalgebras $L$ of the vector fields $\mathrm{Vec}^{c}({\mathbb A}^{2})$ of affine 2-space ${\mathbb A}^{2}$ of constant divergence, and we classify those $L$ which are isomorphic to the Lie algebra $\mathfrak{aff}_{2}$ of the group $\mathrm{Aff}_{2}(K)$ of affine transformations of ${\mathbb A}^{2}$. We then show that the following three statements are equivalent: (i) The Jacobian Conjecture holds in dimension 2; (ii) All Lie subalgebras $L \subset \mathrm{Vec}^{c}({\mathbb A}^{2})$ isomorphic to $\mathfrak{aff}_{2}$ are conjugate under $\mathrm{Aut}({\mathbb A}^{2})$; (iii) All …
We present some motivations and discuss various aspects of an approach to the Jacobian Conjecture in terms of irreducible elements and square-free elements.
The Jacobian Conjecture would follow if it were known that real polynomial maps with a unipotent Jacobian matrix are injective. The conjecture that this is true even for $C^1$ maps is explored here. Some results known in the polynomial case are extended to the $C^1$ context, and some special cases are resolved.
Based on the reduction of degree in polynomial mappings and some known results in algebraic geometry, by introducing the Brouwer degree, a tool from differential topology, algebraic topology and algebraic geometry, we completely prove the Generalized Jacobian conjecture in the field of real numbers, which implies the Generalized complex Jacobian conjecture. Also, for the strong real Jacobian conjecture, we present a newly sufficient and necessary condition.
Jacobian conjecture states that if $F:\ \mathbb C^n(\mathbb R^n)\rightarrow \mathbb C^n(\mathbb R^n)$ is a polynomial map such that the Jacobian of $F$ is a nonzero constant, then $F$ is injective. This conjecture is still open for all $n\ge 2$, and for both $\mathbb C^n$ and $\mathbb R^n$. Here we provide a positive answer to the Jacobian conjecture in $\mathbb R^2$ via the tools from the theory of dynamical systems.
The generalized Donaldson-Thomas invariants counting one dimensional semistable sheaves on Calabi-Yau 3-folds are conjectured to satisfy a certain multiple cover formula. This conjecture is equivalent to Pandharipande-Thomas's strong rationality conjecture on the generating series of stable pair invariants, and its local version is enough to prove. In this paper, using Jacobian localizations and parabolic stable pair invariants introduced in the previous paper, we reduce the conjectural multiple cover formula for local curves with at worst nodal singularities to the case of local trees of smoo…
This article is part of an ongoing investigation of the two-dimensional Jacobian conjecture. In the first paper of this series, we proved the generalized Magnus' formula. In this paper, inspired by cluster algebras, we introduce a sequence of new conjectures including the remainder vanishing conjecture. This makes the generalized Magnus' formula become a useful tool to show the two-dimensional Jacobian conjecture. In the forthcoming paper(s), we plan to prove the remainder vanishing conjecture.
We give a shorter proof to a recent result by Neuberger, in the real case. Our result is essentially an application of the global asymptotic stability Jacobian Conjecture. We also extend some of the results presented in Neuberger.
The classification of the nilpotent Jacobians with some structure has been an object of study because of its relationship with the Jacobian Conjecture. In this paper we classify the polynomial maps in dimension $n$ of the form $H = (u(x,y), u_2(x,y,x_3), \ldots, u_{n-1}(x,y,x_n), h(x,y))$ with $JH$ nilpotent. In addition we prove that the maps $X + H$ are invertible, which shows that for this kind of maps the Jacobian Conjecture is verified.
Deligne has conjectured that certain mixed Hodge theoretic invariants of complex algebraic invariants are motivic. This conjecture specializes to an algebraic construction of the Jacobian for smooth projective curves, which was done by A. Weil. The conjecture (and one-motives) are motivated by means of Jacobians, generalized Jacobians of Rosenlicht, and Serre's generalized Albanese varieties. We discuss the connections with the Hodge and the generalized Hodge conjecture. We end with some applications to number theory by providing partial answers to questions of Serre, Katz and Jannsen.
In this paper, we study a so-called Condition C1 and a weaker Condition C2. For Druzkowski maps Condition C2 is equivalent to the Jacobian conjecture. Main results obtained: - Stating new equivalent formulations of the Jacobian conjecture. - Formulating some generalisations of the Jacobian conjecture and giving both theoretical and experimental evidences to support them. - Showing Condition C1 holds for a generic matrix of any given rank, is an invariant for a certain group action, and Condition C2 is an invariant for cubic similarity matrices. - Giving one heuristic argument for the truth of …
We study meromorphic jacobian pairs, i.e., pairs of polynomials in one variable, with coefficients meromorphic series in a second variable, whose jacobian relative to the two variables depends only on the second variable. We pose two meromorphic jacobian conjectures about such pairs, one of which is in terms of an invariant of the pair which we call the beta invariant. These conjectures are shown to imply the bivariate algebraic jacobian conjecture which predicts that two bivariate polynomials generate the polynomial ring if their jacobian is a nonzero constant. As another technique for studyi…
Recent developments of affine algebraic geometry, especially the theory of open algebraic surfaces, provide means to systematically explore geometric and topological properties of polynomials in two variables. Nevertheless, there is one unsurmountable problem remained even in the case of two variables, which has been unsolved since 1939, that is the Jacobian Conjecture. These are notes for author's lectures on the geometry and topology of polynomials and the Jacobian Conjecture delivered at the l'Université de Bordeaux I and at Osaka University in 2003.
On the Density of Polynomial Mappings Satisfying the Jacobian Conjecture
Instituto de Ciências Matemáticas e de Computação（数学与计算科学研究所）；Department of Mathematics, Instituto de Ciências Matemáticas e de Computação（数学与计算科学研究所数学系）
We study the Jacobian conjecture for Keller maps $f:X_0:=\mathbf{A}^n\rightarrow Y_0:=\mathbf{A}^n$ in characteristic $0$ and attempt to prove it. We are quite aware of the fact that many people have tried to prove the Jacobian conjecture before us and hence we stress that this manuscripts is only an attempt. Our approach is to study the finiteness variety $V_f \subset Y_0$ of $f$, the set of points of $Y_0$ over which $f$ fails to be proper. We study a general component $V \subset V_f$ of this set by introducing a suitable representation of $X_0$ which we call the $u-γ$ representation. This v…
